Bellwork: Thurs. Sept. 28, 2017 1. _____________ cells have a membrane enclosed nucleus…………..like these cells   2. _____________ cells LACK a membrane enclosed nucleus…………..like this cell   3. “Ancient” bacteria are called____________________ 4. “True” bacteria are called_____________________ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYe5tHaEXRE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8#t=6.5099894

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Photo Credit: © Quest/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.

Eukaryotic Cell Structures Organelles : “Little Organs” inside a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions. Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. cyto- = cell -plasm = fluid material in cells

Gollum, Alien or animal?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4oNReBV_Mw Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Animal Cell Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome (free) Nuclear envelope Cell membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome (attached) Centrioles Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion

Stinking Carrion Flower Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Plant Cell – almost exactly like an animal cell EXCEPT: Cell Wall Chloroplast Central Vacuole Nucleolus Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nuclear envelope Ribosome (free) Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome (attached) Cell wall Golgi apparatus Cell membrane Chloroplast Mitochondrion Vacuole

The Nucleus: control center of the cell containing nearly all the cell's DNA (usually visible as granular material called chromatin) and the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules. “control center” Chromatin Nuclear envelope Nucleolus The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA. The DNA combines with protein to form chromatin, which is found throughout the nucleus. The small, dense region in the nucleus is the nucleolus. Nuclear pores

Ribosomes: are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. One of the most important jobs carried out in the cell is making proteins – “protein factory” Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. “Protein Factory”

Endoplasmic Reticulum – ER (for short) There are two types of ER—rough and smooth depending on if they have ribosomes or not Smooth ER “Canal System” Rough ER With Ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of closely apposed membranes The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of closely apposed membranes. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. “packaging center” The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. Notice the stacklike membranes that make up the Golgi apparatus.

Lysosomes “Suicide Sac” small organelles filled with enzymes that digest, or breaks down, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Also breaks down old useless organelles removing “junk” that might otherwise accumulate and clutter up the cell. “Suicide Sac”

“Suicide Sac”

Vacuoles store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Central Vacuole: single vacuole filled in plant cells with liquid which aids in cell support.

Single celled Protist - Paramecium Contractile vacuole Vacuoles are also found in some unicellular organisms and in some animals. The paramecium contains a contractile vacuole that pumps excess water out of the cell. Single celled Protist - Paramecium

Mitochondria Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria Mitochondria Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria. Mitochondria convert the chemical energy stored in food - (glucose) C6H12O6 into compounds (ATP) that are more convenient for the cell to use. 2 Mitochondrion “power plant”

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Chloroplasts In plants and some other organisms Chloroplasts In plants and some other organisms. Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (glucose) C6H12O6 in photosynthesis. Chloroplast Contain the green Pigment: Chlorophyll

Do Animal Cells have Choloplasts? No

A little history about Mitochondria and the Chloroplasts – The endosymbiotic theory Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own DNA other organelles don’t. Some scientists theorize they are the descendants of ancient prokaryotes that evolved a symbiotic relationship inside early cells.

…The endosymbiotic theory continued Some had the ability to use oxygen to generate ATP. These prokaryotes and evolved into mitochondria. Others carried out photosynthesis and evolved into chloroplasts. This idea is called the endosymbiotic theory.

microfilaments microtubules The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape - also involved in movement and support. The cytoskeleton is made up of: microfilaments microtubules Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement. Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton that help maintain cell shape. Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion

Centrioles are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division.

Cell Membrane : regulates what enters & leaves the cell & provides protection and support. 36

Inner life of a cell https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_zD3NxSsD8 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Cell Organelle Interactive Centrioles Plant and Animal Model Interactive

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yz4lFeqJP dU&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52dq2QO Tdhs&feature=related

Quiz In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible as a dense region called the nucleolus. the nuclear envelope. granular material called chromatin. condensed bodies called chloroplasts. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials and helping to break down organelles. assemble proteins. maintain homeostasis. make new organelles. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Chloroplasts are found in the cells of plants only. plants and some other organisms. all eukaryotes. most prokaryotes.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus? synthesize proteins. modify proteins. sort proteins. package proteins.

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? manufactures new cell organelles assists in movement of some cells from one place to another releases energy in cells modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

What 3 things does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not? 1. chloroplasts - photosynthesis 2. Cell wall – cell support 3. Large Central vacuole - cell support

What does an animal cell have that a plant cell does not? 1. centrioles – aid in cell division

Bellwork:old 1. What is the smooth ER and what does it do? 2. What is the rough ER and what does it do? http://cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm

Bellwork Thurs. Sept. 29, 2016 Do you know the differences between: Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells The differences between: Plant Cells Animal Cells: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8#t=6.5099894

Bellwork Thurs. Sept. 29, 2016 Do you know the differences between: Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells The differences between: Plant Cells Animal Cells: