Cell Cycle & Mitosis Review

The Cell Cycle: 3 Stages Interphase – cell grows and carries out its normal functions, replication of chromosomes Mitosis – genetic material in the nucleus is divided equally into two new nuclei Cytokinesis – rest of the cell divides -each ‘daughter’ cell is identical to the parent cell

Cell Cycle Animation: http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm The Cell Cycle Interphase: in between stages of dividing G1—beginning cell growth S—DNA duplicates (makes a copy) DNA is in the form of chromatin G2—cell undergoes its function Purpose: to replenish dead or dying cells, to allow an organism to grow and develop - results in cells such as internal organs, skin, bones, blood, etc. Cell Cycle Animation: http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm

Mitosis Mitosis animations: (1:22 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WwIKdyBN_s&feature=related (1:30 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlN7K1-9QB0 Beginning of second class

Vocabulary Diploid Haploid Interphase Chromosome Prophase Chromatin Sister Chromatid(s) Centromere Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

Interphase occurs just before Mitosis begins: DNA is copied along with organelles and other cellular components and the cell prepares for division. http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm Interphase Animal cell Plant cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

1st step in Mitosis: Prophase (preparation phase) DNA recoils and the chromosomes condense and become shorter and thicker the nuclear membrane dissolves and disappears the spindle fibres (which attach to chromosomes during cell division) begin to form http://www.synapses.co.uk/genetics/index.html

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm Mitosis Prophase Animal cell Plant cell NOTE: In animal cells, centrioles are involved in the formation and organization of spindle fibres. Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

2nd step in Mitosis: Metaphase (organizational phase) chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell with the help of spindle fibers attached to the centromere of each replicated chromosome (sister chromatids) http://www.synapses.co.uk/genetics/index.html

Mitosis Metaphase Animal cell Plant cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

3rd step in Mitosis: Anaphase (separation phase) chromosomes split in the middle (centromeres divide) and the sister chromatids are pulled by the spindle fibres to opposite poles of the cell http://www.synapses.co.uk/genetics/index.html

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm Mitosis Anaphase Plant cell Animal cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

4th step in Mitosis: Telophase chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell and begin to unwind spindle fibres dissolve and nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes http://www.synapses.co.uk/genetics/index.html

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm Mitosis Telophase Animal cell Plant cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

After Mitosis: Cytokinesis The actual splitting of the cytoplasm and all the organelles into two separate cells called daughter cells. Occurs differently in both plant and animal cells. Beginning of cytokinesis in a plant: Beginning of cytokinesis in an animal: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm