Mar. 6, 2018 You need: Clean paper / pencil Mitosis notes Mnemonic device (to turn in) Warm Up: Mental Math I CAN: demonstrate the phases (and functions of each phase) of mitosis.

MITOSIS

Starting point: You want to start with one cell that has 100% of the genetic information (like a normal body cell). To keep things simple, we will work with a cell that has 4 chromosomes in a normal body cell.

Your goal: To create TWO cells that each have 100% of the genetic information. These would have FOUR chromosomes each…and look just like the original.

START Anaphase Interphase Prophase Telophase Metaphase Cytokinesis

Did you reach the goal? Two cells and each has exactly 100% of the genetic material? Is the genetic material the same in these cells? Is that good or bad? Why?

Inside the nucleus, are CHROMOSOMES. CHROMOSOMES small packages of DNA DNA comes from both your mom and your dad.

Chromosomes contain the genetic material of an organism Chromosomes contain the genetic material of an organism. This genetic material is organized into packets of information called genes. Genes give the instructions for an organism’s traits or physical features. Chromosome = a package of genetic information that can be passed from parent to offspring. GENE: info from Mom about eye color AND from Dad about a trait (like eye color). Write this down!!! I have students write down the meaning of chromosomes – and the relationship to genes and traits…but then I point out that relationship again. Do you see the propeller shape? That’s one chromosome. Do you see the bands/colors? Those are genes. So a chromosome is several genes bundled together. Each gene gives information about a trait. So brown might be eye-color, green might be hair texture, purple could be handedness. So traits are shown with genes and genes are grouped onto chromosomes. The picture on the right helps to show how the long strands of DNA wind themselves into smaller, neater packages – like you might wind spaghetti onto a fork for ease of transport.

How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?

Why do animals shed their skin?

The process of asexual reproduction begins after a sperm fertilizes an egg.

Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction: 1. Growth 2 Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction: 1. Growth 2. Repair 3. Replacement

Animated Mitosis Cycle http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase & Cytokinesis

Animal Mitosis -- Review Interphase                                                              Prophase                                                              Metaphase                                                              Anaphase                                                              Telophase                                                             

Plant Mitosis -- Review Interphase                                                              Prophase                                                              Metaphase                                                              Anaphase                                                              Telophase                                                             

Interphase Description of events: Centriole pair replicates. DNA replicates to create duplicated chromosomes. Most of the cell’s life is spent in INTERPHASE

Interphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Prophase Description of events: Centriole pair begins to migrate to opposite poles. Nuclear membrane begins to dissolve. Spindle fibers begin to form between centriole pairs. Duplicated chromosomes begin to condense. Nucleolus begins to disappear.

Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Spindle fibers Centrioles Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Metaphase Description of events: Centriole pairs are fully migrated to opposite poles. The spindle apparatus is fully formed. Spindle fibers have moved the duplicated chromosomes so that they line up at the midline of the cell. Nuclear membrane has completely disappeared. Duplicated chromosomes are at their most condensed at this stage.

Metaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Anaphase Description of events: Spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart at the centromere and drag them to opposite poles. The cell elongates (gets longer – like an oval)

Anaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Telophase Description of events: The cell begins cytokinesis by forming a cleavage furrow (pinch) to divide the cytoplasm. Nuclear membranes begin to reform around the separate (but identical) sets of chromosomes. Spindle apparatus has disassembled and the spindle fibers dissolve. Chromosomes begin to de-condense. Nucleolus begins to re-form. Telophase

Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

After cytokinesis Description of events: The two identical daughter cells are completely separated. Spindle fibers have completely disappeared. The chromosomes are completely de-condensed and lengthened. The nucleolus is very distinct. The nuclear membrane has completely re-formed around the chromosomes. After cytokinesis

Interphase Anaphase Prophase Telophase Metaphase After cytokinesis Description of events: Centriole pair replicates. DNA replicates to create duplicated chromosomes. Most of the cell’s life is spent in INTERPHASE Description of events: Spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart at the centromere and drag them to opposite poles. The cell elongates (gets longer – like an oval) Anaphase Prophase Description of events: Centriole pair begins to migrate to opposite poles. Nuclear membrane begins to dissolve. Spindle fibers begin to form between centriole pairs. Duplicated chromosomes begin to condense. Nucleolus begins to disappear. Description of events: The cell begins cytokinesis by forming a cleavage furrow (pinch) to divide the cytoplasm. Nuclear membranes begin to reform around the separate (but identical) sets of chromosomes. Spindle apparatus has disassembled and the spindle fibers dissolve. Chromosomes begin to de-condense. Nucleolus begins to re-form. Telophase Metaphase Description of events: Centriole pairs are fully migrated to opposite poles. The spindle apparatus is fully formed. Spindle fibers have moved the duplicated chromosomes so that they line up at the midline of the cell. Nuclear membrane has completely disappeared. Duplicated chromosomes are at their most condensed at this stage. Description of events: The two identical daughter cells are completely separated. Spindle fibers have completely disappeared. The chromosomes are completely de-condensed and lengthened. The nucleolus is very distinct. The nuclear membrane has completely re-formed around the chromosomes. After cytokinesis

Asexual Reproduction Page 424 Define the key terms in the book (6 terms) Explain the ADVANTAGE of asexual reproduction (page 432) Explain the DIS-ADVANTAGE of asexual reproduction (page 432)

Interphase “Normal body cell” Tape this area 100% of DNA We need an exact copy! Interphase Tape this area

Prophase Metaphase Tape this area

Anaphase Telophase

Mitosis Poster Label phases Explain what is happening in each phase. Color the picture – be consistent with color all the way through.

Mitosis Hand Jive! Here are two videos that explain the hand motions used to represent phases of mitosis. Watch them both!!! Bill Ry the science guy EXPLAINS the hand signals. Ms. Loree dances through the mitosis hand signals.

Mnemonic Device Sometimes it helps us to remember things if we put it into a song, or hand signals, or a crazy sentence. You may have used “Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally.” The first letter of each word matches the steps in the order of operations (parentheses, exponents, multiply/divide, add/subtract). Come up with a Mnemonic Device using the letters of the phases of mitosis (IPMATC). Turn it in through Google Classroom

IPMATC REMEMBER! Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis IPMATC A mnemonic to help remember the stages of mitosis. Iguanas Pee More Accurately Than Cats.