Muscular System

General Characteristics works with skeleton to produce movement voluntary movement – deliberate moving of body parts involuntary movement – circulate blood, move food through the digestive tract

Three Types of Muscle Tissue: skeletal muscle – attached to skeleton, striated: appear striped, voluntary smooth muscle – in walls of stomach, blood vessels and intestines, not striped, involuntary, causes food to move through digestive system cardiac (cardio = heart) muscle – in the heart, striated, involuntary, may have two nuclei, causes heart to beat.

Muscle contraction – two types of fibers are found in muscle cells. These fibers slide across each other to contract each long, cylindrical muscle cell Myosin – thick fibers Actin – thin fibers Cross-bridges Z line Myosin Actin Sarcomere

Muscle Pairs Muscles have to work in pairs to move your bones. When one muscle contracts the other must relax.

Muscle slide pictures

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Tissue

Skeletal System

General Information: provides support for the body protects internal organs provides movement stores minerals site for red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet formation

Bone Structure: Solid network of living cells & protein fibers surrounded by calcium salts Periosteum – covering Haversian canals – tubes that carry blood vessels & nerves Osteocyte – mature bone cells Bone marrow – soft tissue in middle of bones (yellow marrow is fat, red marrow makes blood cells)

Spongy bone Haversian canal Compact bone Compact bone Periosteum Bone marrow Spongy bone Osteocyte Artery Periosteum Vein

Cartilage – tough flexible connective tissue found at ends of bones, nose & ear skeleton of embryos Ossification – cartilage is replaced by bone during development

Ligaments – hold bone to bones at joints Tendons – connect muscles to bones Osteoporosis – condition in which bones weaken and are easily broken

A B C D F E G H I K N M J O L P R Q S T U V W Q Ball-and-Socket Hinge Saddle Pivot