THE GOLD RUSH and CALIFORNIA

The Bear Flag Republic 1833 – Mexican Gov. allowed the US to settle in California John Fremont – Occupies California during the Mexican War Settlers revolt against Mexico and declare an independent state in 1846 – USA annexed it

GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 3

Where the 49ers Came From

Immigration to California was national …and global Immigration to California was national San Francisco before the gold rush San Francisco after the gold rush

San Francisco before the gold rush San Francisco after the gold rush

Compromise of 1850 and Fugitive Slave Law

How did the Manifest Destiny Cause the Civil War?

Problems of Sectional Balance The Mexican War strengthened feelings of Sectionalism Missouri Compromise worked….Until California applied for statehood Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession. Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: Personal liberty laws

Wilmot Proviso David Wilmot - Congressman (PA) Called for the prohibition of slavery from any land won from Mexico Proviso was defeated and never passed

What are the elements for a successful compromise?

Different Points of View Southern Plantation Owner Northern Businessman Texas Farmer Chinese Immigrant Worker Native American Gold Rush Miner (citizen of California) Northern Abolitionist Free African American Industry Worker Senator from New York Senator from South Carolina

Issues at hand… (Answer from your person’s POV) Should the Mexican Cession territory allow slavery, or should it be declared free? Should California be allowed to join as a free state? Can Texas claim that its territory extended all the way to Santa Fe? Should the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C., continue to allow slavery? Should there be a law to aid in the capture and return of runaway slaves?

Compromise of 1850(Answer from your person’s POV) – Do they support Compromise of 1850(Answer from your person’s POV) – Do they support? Why or why not? In your group…..debate a compromise to answer the following questions: Should the Mexican Cession territory allow slavery, or should it be declared free? Should California be allowed to join as a free state? Can Texas claim that its territory extended all the way to Santa Fe? Should the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C., continue to allow slavery? Should there be a law to aid in the capture and return of runaway slaves?

The Men behind the Compromise… Henry Clay – Kentucky “Great Compromiser” – his idea John Calhoun – South Carolina Opposed the Compromise “The South….The Poor South” Daniel Webster – Massachusetts Supported the Compromise Stephen Douglas – Illinois Supported the Compromise; helped pass it

The Compromise of 1850 This Compromise: Admitted California as a free state set the present boundaries for Texas New Mexico and Utah - popular sovereignty strengthened the fugitive slave law abolished the slave trade (NOT SLAVERY) in Washington D.C.

Compromise of 1850

Zachary Taylor Whig Millard Fillmore Slavery needed in the South (owned slaves) Not needed in the West Pledged to veto Compromise Millard Fillmore “Final Solution” Passes it

End Result of the Compromise North Gets… California admitted as a free state Slave trade prohibited in Washington DC Boundary of Texas is set South Gets… No slavery restrictions in Utah or Mexico Territories Slaveholding permitted in Washington DC Texas gets $10 million dollars Fugitive Slave Law

Fugitive Slave Law angered the North… Required to assist in the recovery of fugitive slaves Law enforcement was required to arrest suspected runaway slaves ($1,000 fine) Federal Marshalls involved in Slave catching No jury trail – Can’t testify Cases were decided by commissioners who got $$$ for returning slaves Anyone who helped aid a runaway slave could be punished with 6 months in prison and $1,000 fine

Anthony Burns “brought to justice”

The Story of Anthony Burns “Privileged” Slave Ran away to Boston in 1854 Owner can get his “property” back Burns arrested for “robbery” Dragged back to the South A church bought his freedom for $1,300

Reaction to the Act… “The colored men’s rights are less than those of a jackass…A black man maybe carried away without any reference to a jury. It is only necessary to claim him, and that some villain should swear to his identity. There is more protection there for a horse, for a donkey, or anything, rather than a colored man. - Frederick Douglass, Voices from the Civil War

Impact of the Compromise of 1850 African Americans Run away to Canada Cant build their lives Fueled Abolitionists Brought slavery to the Forefront – have to take a stand Kept the Nation United Americans Embraced it For now……

Who won and lost in this deal? End Results of the Compromise Each side got something… Balance of the Senate was with the free states Fugitive Slave Act pleased the South North refused to enforce the Act Fugitive Slave Act caused more people to join abolitionist causes Intended to be the final solution – but only provided a temporary solution and an uneasy peace

In Class…. How would you have fixed the Compromise of 1850 to avoid conflicts?

Harriet Beecher Stowe So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade!