Equilibrium System

Le Chatelier’s Principle When a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system adjusts in a way to reduce the change

Ways Equilibrium Systems Change Temperature Pressure Concentration (The Common-Ion Effect)

Increasing the temperature in an equilibrium mixture In Exothermic reactions leads to a shift in favor of the reactants (left shift) In Endothermic reactions leads to a shift in favor of the product/s (right shift)

Pressure changes in equilibrium Pressure has almost no effect on equilibrium that are in a solution. Gases in equilibrium, however, may be affected by changes in pressure Pressure increases at equilibrium reduces the number of moles of gas and the equilibrium shifts to the product (right shift)

The Common-Ion Effect The maximum concentration of a salt in an aqueous solution is called solubility of the salt in water-Ksp The Common-Ion Effect is the reduction of the solubility of a salt in the solution due to the addition of a common ion. This results in either a precipitation or reduces ionization.