_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APK: Activation of Prior Knowledge Write at least 2-3 sentences describing a time when… You had “beef” with someone but did not confront them physically. Instead you and they used words and threats. Question of the Day Why was the Cold War a dangerous time in world history?

Identify and describe what each of the following terms means or represents in your own words [Be sure to include examples to support your descriptions] Yalta Conference Berlin Airlift Superpowers NATO United Nations Warsaw Pact Iron Curtain Brinkmanship Containment U-2 incident Truman Doctrine ICBM Marshall Plan Sputnik Cuban Missile Crisis

The Yalta Conference After WWII ended the Allied Powers [U.S., England and Soviet Union] had to decide what to do with the world. The Allied Powers met near the Soviet Union and decided to “carve up” Germany The “allies” agreed on some things but disagreed on others. Stalin wanted to control countries in Eastern Europe. FDR and Churchill wanted countries to be democratic.

Results of the Yalta Conference Europe was split into two parts [East and West]. The East was controlled by the Soviet Union [controlled via the Iron Curtain]. The West was influenced by the United States. This created suspicion, competition and rivalry.

What is a Superpower? Two (2) superpowers emerged from Yalta Who were they? United States and the Soviet Union These two countries were the most powerful for many reasons. Both had strong militaries Both had vast natural resources No other country could, by itself, challenge them.

The United Nations A group of fifty (50) countries “came together” in June 1945. Even though the Yalta Conference left the U.S. and Soviet Union at odds they also joined. The mission of the U.N. was to keep world peace. Each member nation has a vote [members are called diplomats]. The real power rests with the large countries which constitute the security council.

Truman Doctrine FDR died in 1945 Vice President Harry Truman took over and decided “stop babying” the Soviets. Truman began of policy of containment. This meant keeping the Soviets from spreading communism to other countries.

The Marshall Plan Former World War II army general, George Marshall, became Truman’s Secretary of State after the war He designed the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe. Offered money, equipment, food, machines and workers Purpose? Fix damage caused by WWII

Berlin Airlift The Soviets challenged Truman’s containment and occasionally test the United States. Best example of this was Stalin’s blockade of West Berlin Truman was forced to fly in food, fuel and supplies for West Germans cut off by the Soviets. More than 277,000 flights dropped off 2 million tons of supplies.

Tension between the Superpowers The blockade of Berlin by the Soviets heightened the fear of Western Europe. Within months countries including France, England, Italy, Canada and the U.S. formed NATO. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization Purpose? To counter the threat of Soviet aggression.

Soviet response to NATO The Soviet Union developed its own alliance in 1955 forming the Warsaw Pact. Purpose(s)? [a] The counter the growing influence of NATO. [b] Increase the power of the Soviet Union.

U.S.-U.S.S.R. Relations Because of tensions between the two superpowers the risk of war was great. By 1949 the U.S.S.R. had also become a nuclear power. Because of the threat of nuclear war both sides were cautious.

U.S.-U.S.S.R. Relations Threats of war from both sides were constant. Both sides tested each other occasionally with minor challenges to see what the other would do. At other times the challenges were great. In the face of challenges important decisions had to occur. Should we use nuclear force? These type of “battles” were called brinkmanship. Forcing the other side to the “brink” of war.

U.S.-U.S.S.R. Relations To gain information on the other side espionage was practiced. The U.S. sent countless aerial spy missions using U-2 spy planes. In 1960 an American U-2 was shot down over Soviet territory. The pilot was jailed for nearly 2 years.

Competition in arms/technology Americans were first in nuclear weapons but the Soviets were first in satellites and ICBMs [Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles]. In 1957 the USSR launched the space satellite Sputnik via ICBM. The satellite was the first to circle the earth from space and could take pictures of the earth’s surface. ICBMs could reach targets far from their launch sites [across oceans thousands of miles to different continents].

Closing Assignment: Paragraph Frame The Cold war was a very dangerous time because _________________________________________________. The purpose of the Yalta conference was __________________ and the result was ___________________________. Some things that characterize a superpower include ______________________ ____________________________. In an effort to maintain the peace established after World War II the ___________________ was created in 1945. In order to stop the spread of communism by the Soviet Union the Truman Doctrine began a policy of ________________. A former U.S. army general designed and introduced his __________ _____________ in order to __________________________________. The Berlin Airlift was necessary because _______________________ __________________________________________. The formation of NATO was necessary because ______________________________________. The Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact in order to ______________ ____________________. Brinkmanship means _____________________ and three specific examples between the two cold war superpowers were ___________________, __________________ and __________ .

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