Susanne Münstermann Dubai, 23 – 24 April 2012 Equine diseases of importance for international movement and trade of horses Susanne Münstermann Dubai, 23 – 24 April 2012

Overview OIE mandate and objectives OIE listed equine diseases and conditions for trade Corresponding diagnostic tests International movement of horses Import/export of equines Risk based approaches Occurrence of OIE listed diseases in Middle East Key issues for disease control

OIE Mandate Historical: “To prevent animal diseases from spreading around the world” The 5th Strategic Plan 2011/2015 extends the OIE’s global mandate to: “Improve animal health, veterinary public health, animal welfare, and consolidate the animal’s role worldwide” OIE was founded in 1924 mainly to combat Rinderpest and Glanders! http://www.oie.int/en/about-us/director-general-office/strategic-plan/

OIE objectives Collect, analyze and disseminate veterinary information Ensure transparency in the global animal health situation Contribute expertise and encourage coordinated approach to disease outbreaks Strengthen veterinary services Within its WTO mandate, safeguard world trade through animal health standards Animal welfare and animal production food safety

OIE listed equine diseases and conditions for trade Section 12 of Terrestrial Code – 11 Equine Diseases Section 8 - 5 Multiple Species Diseases affecting equines

Di Diagnosis of equine diseases Section 2.5 V

Sources of disease spread Historically horses have been moved for different reasons: Military activities (restocking of cavalry) Civil wars Recreation Slaughter Trade in semen and embryos Breeding – “shuttling stallions” Racing and sporting events (e.g. FEI) Enormous increase in the last decade! Cavalry was responsible for outbreak of AHS in New Zealand through horses from RSA Mexico, Argentina, Kazakhstan the biggest horse meat producers and exporters Particularly since the technology to keep semen and embryos preservable has progressed so much Thoroughbred breeding does not allow A.I. and stallions profit from different breeding seasons in the northern and southern hemisphere

Jumping: divided up CIOs Number of events % 2007 to 2010 Jumping 38% Endurance 71% Dressage 35% Eventing 12% Reining 2% Vaulting 1% Para-olympics Driving -1% Overall, the number of FEI events (for all disciplines) went from the 2000 mark and we expect to reach the 3000 mark in 2012 Jumping: divided up CIOs 71% in endurance: it has increased but because of the new qualification rule for riders and horses and ocs providing for this rule change Not a great increase in nb of venues. Effect of dividing JR, YH into 3*, somewhat exagerated due to the fact that thje ocs are required to divide the various categories duing their event create new CIS

CSI5* EVENTS 01.01.2011 – 31.12.2011 OIE 12.03.2012 © Peden Bloodstock

Horses have become “international jetsetters” almost like their human counterparts

INCREASE IN FEI REGISTERED RIDERS PER DISCIPLINE: 2007 - 2010 25% increase in endurance riders 61% increase in riders, increase in CSI 1 and CSI 2* numbers greater of nb of people to compete A 31% Increase in the number of registered riders overall from 2007 to 2010

Increase in movement = increase in risk of disease spread How do countries deal with this increased risk? Zero – risk approach Unduly high restrictions for pre- and post importation requirements, often exceeding stipulations in the OIE Terrestrial Code “sub-population” concept e.g. free movement of EU registered horses in the EU (TRACES). e.g. Guadalajara meeting e.g. OIE – FEI meeting EU incl Norway and Switzerland TRACES = Trade control and export system

Risk related considerations Temporary or permanent import Respiratory route transmitted diseases are important for both! (EI, E. Rhinopneumontis, strangles, glanders) Diseases with carrier status permanent CEM, EVA, dourine Veneral transmission risk associated with breeding animals (EVA, EHV-3, T. equigenitalis, T.equiperdum) Carriers of intermediate stage of parasite (larvae of botfly – cause of screwworm myiasis) EAV also in semen!

OIE listed Equine diseases Reported in the Middle East During 2005 – 2011 7 diseases out of 11 listed AHS not reported in this period, but occurred previously (, Lebanon 1960, Jordan 1962, Iran, Iraq, Turkey 1963, Yemen and SA 1997)

Glanders Glanders_video_2005_2011_02_11_2011.avi Reporting of Glanders was made compulsory in France in 1784!! Glanders_video_2005_2011_02_11_2011.avi

Key issues to be addressed Veterinary Certification Has to be reliable Has to be according to Chapter 5.10, Terrestrial Code plus Disease specific Chapter More collaboration between VS and industry Laboratory tests Has to be reliable and comparable Has to be according to Terrestrial Manual, prescribed/alternative tests There is need for standardisation of tests under OIE guidance

More general Key issues Sound knowledge of the country/zone disease status Identification of all equine diseases presence in the country, their geographical distribution Set up surveillance system, incl vector surveillance in accordance with Terrestrial Code Chapter 1.4 and 1.5 Consideration about country/zonal freedom of specific equine diseases E.g. self-declaration of freedom (chapter 1.6) Self declaration as was done by Kuwait for Glanders More on these principles will be given in other presentations

Thank you for your attention Organisation mondiale de la santé animale World Organisation for Animal Health Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal 12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France - www.oie.int – oie@oie.int