Chapter 14: Properties of Matter 5th grade Science Teacher Imy Cajigas

Lesson 1: What is the structure of Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. When you measure the amount of matter in an object you’re measuring the object’s mass.

Although mass and weight are not the same, they are related Although mass and weight are not the same, they are related. Weight is a measure of how much the mass is pulled by gravity. Scientists say that mass is conserved, or kept the same.

Volume The amount of space an object takes up is its volume. It’s easy to find the volume of an object with a regular shape, such as a box. You can use a ruler to measure the object’s length, width, and height, then multiply the three numbers to find the volume.

Volume of a liquid How do you measure the volume of a liquid? You can use a measuring cup or a graduated cylinder that marks the level of a liquid. Scientists say that the volume, like mass is conserved. This means that the amount of space a measured volume tales up doesn't change if we move it, divide it, or change its shape.

All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms and Molecules All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.

The Atom An atom is the smallest particle that can still be identified as the matter it came from. Atoms are so small that they’re invisible to the naked eye.

The Atom Atoms can be broken down into even smaller particles. Nucleus = dense area in the center, contains protons and neutrons. Protons= positive electrical charge Neutrons= particle with no electrical charge Electrons = circle the nucleus of an atom it has negative charge.

The Atom Different atoms contain different numbers of particles. The number of protons is important. A hydrogen atom has one proton. All atoms that contain one proton are hydrogen. All oxygen atom contains 8 protons.

Molecules A molecule is made up of two or more atoms joined together. The water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. This water molecule looks and acts differently from the hydrogen and oxygen it’s made up of.

The Periodic Table

Matter that is made of one kind of atom is an element. Scientists have identified 116 elements. For example iron, gold, carbon, oxygen, neon. To organize the elements scientists use a chart called the Periodic Table.

The Periodic Table Elements are arranged in order by the number of protons in the nucleus. An element’s number of protons is called atomic number.

The Periodic Table All elements on the left side of the table are metals (except hydrogen). Metals are shiny solids. The elements at the far right of the table are nonmetals.

Solids, Liquids, and Gases States of Matter

Three states of Matter Solid= has its own shape and volume Liquid = has its own volume, but takes the shape of the container. Gas= doesn’t have a definite shape or volume. It expands to take whatever space its available.

States of Matter The states of matter differ due to the ways their particles (atoms or molecules) are arranged and the ways they move. In a solid, particles are close together. In a liquid, particles are farther apart In a gas, particles are far apart

Chemical changes

Chemical changes Are different from physical changes. They change the chemical nature and properties of substances to form new substances. Chemical properties are the characteristics that describe the composition of matter. These traits are carried by each individual atom, or part of matter. Some examples of chemical properties include combustibility, flammability and reactivity.

The leaves turned color in Autumn. Sugar dissolves in a cup of water. Practice: Categorize the following items as descriptions of either a physical property, chemical property, physical change or chemical change. The ball is red. Water is hot. A paper can burn. The firework exploded. The leaves turned color in Autumn. Sugar dissolves in a cup of water. The bicycle has rusted. The apple has spoiled. I crumpled the newspaper. The glass vase shattered and cannot be fixed.

Chemical changes Combustibility is a measure of how easily a substance will burn, or combine rapidly with oxygen.

Corrosion is a chemical change that happens when iron combines with oxygen in the air, rust forms. Reactivity- is the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change.

You know that a chemical change has occurred because… Change in color of a substance Release light Forms bubbles

Conservation of Matter Chemical changes don’t make new matter, they only make new products from the substances that react. The total mass of the products that forms equals the mass of the substances that react.