The Cold War The early years

the start of the cold war Dividing Europe The 3 big Allied countries- Soviet Union, the U.S., Great Britain met to talk about what to do with Europe after the war In the Yalta Conference, they talked about a plan to keep world peace and agreed to make eastern European countries democratic. In the Potsdam conference, they made plans to divide Germany into 4 zones, with each country controlling one zone and France controlling the 4th zone The Iron Curtain The Soviet union didn’t allow eastern Europe to be democratic The line between countries controlled or influenced by NATO countries and those under Soviet influence became known as the Iron Curtain. The Cold War The competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to control countries all over the world became known as “The Cold War”.

Europe before and after WWII Before WWII

The Creation of the U.N. The United Nations is dedicated to resolving international conflicts With the end of WWII the map changed in several areas of the world, especially the Middle East and Eastern Europe, and peaceful solutions were needed in these places. The U.N. had 51 member states to start with, but now has 193 Member and 2 observer states.

Case Study: IsrAel and palestine Territorial changes from 1947 to 2009 Green- Palestinian controlled White- Israeli controlled One of the U.N.’s first actions, and possibly its most controversial, was to approve the creation of a new country, Israel, in 1948. Israel’s creators, called Zionists, wanted it to be a country where Jews from all over the world could make a home. The land Israel claimed, known as Palestine, had previously been part of many different empires but had most recently been controlled by the British. Israel has maintained a military occupation of Palestinian territory and continued to expand since 1948, which has led to violent conflict between Israelis and Palestinians and wars with neighboring countries. From the beginning Americans have disagreed on whether to support Israel because of its human rights violations, but we continue to be strong allies. There is currently no consensus on what the solution to the conflict should be.

Nato Nato- North Atlantic Treaty Organization Founded in 1949 The U.S. and western European countries joined together in a security pact that said that if one country was attacked, the others would consider it an attack on them The Soviet Union had taken control of the countries they’d freed from the Nazis in Eastern Europe They thought NATO was needed because Berlin (the capital of Germany) had been kept from getting food and other supplies by the Soviet Union and they even had to airlift food into the city. This and other actions showed them that the Soviets were not willing to cooperate with the other powers. The Soviet Union formed its own pact, called the Warsaw Pact.

what is Communism? Communism Capitalism and democracy - Communism is based on the writings of Karl Marx, who believed that things should be commonly owned and there shouldn’t be different classes of people, like rich or poor. - Soviet-style communism used a totalitarian leader and only one political party - The state owned everything and controlled what people did in every area of life - property and the means of production (money, factories, etc.) are owned by individuals, not the government. - Most Americans think capitalism is better because it allows for more freedom of choice and encourages competition - In democratic countries, the people choose their own leaders

Reflection questions Directions: In your journals, write and complete the following statements. Two ways the map of Europe changed after WWII are ____________________________ and __________________________________________________________. The two countries competing for power after WWII in the Cold War are _______________ and __________________. The United Nations is supposed to _________________________________________. NATO is a group of countries that ________________________________________. One new fact I learned about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is ________________________________________________________. I have questions about ________________________________________________.

The red scare The Red Scare- A time when the government feared there were Communists everywhere who intended to overthrow our government. The Soviet Union was actively spreading their style of Communism to the rest of the world. To stop Communists from infiltrating American society, the U.S. government went overboard. House Un-American Activities Committee- A committee in the House of Representatives (Congress) that investigated anyone suspected of being a Communist. violated Americans’ civil liberties by imprisoning those who refused to testify against themselves (5th Amendment) or tell on others who the committee thought were Communists. This ruined many people’s careers, especially many Hollywood actors and actresses because anyone labeled a Communist was blacklisted- put on a list of people not to hire- and could not find work. One couple, the Rosenbergs, were executed for being spies for the Soviets even though there was not enough evidence. It was later proven that the wife was innocent.

The Red Scare (cont.) McCarthyism- making aggressive accusations without proof. Named after Joseph McCarthy, the Senator who claimed to have lists of Americans who were secretly Communists. Propaganda: Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

HW- Primary Document Analysis: Propaganda posters Directions: This poster was made by the U.S. government. Look at the poster and answer the following questions. 1. What is the overall message of this poster? 2. What words are on the poster? 3. How does it make you feel, and what is used to make you feel this way? (colors, graphics, symbolism, etc.)

Primary Document Analysis: propaganda posters Choose a propaganda poster to analyze by answering the following questions: 1. What is the overall message of the poster? 2. What words are on the poster? 3. How are colors and graphics used to communicate the message?

How we stopped the spread of communism Containment: U.S. foreign policy where the goal is to stop the spread of communism. Truman Doctrine: providing aid to help foreign countries fight communism -Millions to Greece and Turkey Marshall Plan: huge aid package to European countries to help recover from WWII. - $13 billion to Western Europe. - Soviets didn’t allow Eastern European countries to receive any aid. Proxy Wars: when superpowers fought each other in other countries by taking the side of a war that is not directly between them. For example, we fought China by helping the South Koreans fight the North Koreans, which were aided by the Chinese.

Proxy wars Case study: Korean War When WWII ended, the U.S. controlled the Southern half of Korea and the Soviet Union controlled the North. Korea was divided along the 38th parallel, with Communists in the North and democracy in the South. The North invaded the South, and we decided to help the South defend itself. The U.N. agreed to send troops to Korea and join the fight. We thought we were winning, but then China joined in. China helped the North, and we could not win. Eventually the war ended in 1953 with the agreement that Korea would remain divided along the 38th parallel and is still divided today. The war lasted 3 yrs, and 130,000 Americans were killed and over 2 million Koreans and Chinese. It is sometimes called “The Forgotten War”

The Marshall Plan Video- What was the Marshall Plan? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMXjsVLOznc Video Questions: (write questions and answers for hw grade) 1. List 5 reasons the U.S. gave aid to Europe in the Marshall Plan. 2. What are 2 ways it affected Europe?

Postwar America- GI Bill of Rights- gave veterans money for school and loans for houses, farms, and businesses. Changes in American culture: Rationing was ended, people went to college and bought homes in record numbers; the baby boom, the Olympics, rock n roll, beats; Many women lost their jobs and worked at home as men reclaimed the jobs they’d left while at war; families moved to the suburbs