The Geysers: an Injection Success Story M. Ali Khan

The Location Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources – State of California

The Geysers

Field Summary Area 16 x 6 km = 64 sq km Wells 460 Steam Wells, 75 Injection Wells Average Well Depth 2,500 m Average Caprock Depth 1,200 m Bottom Hole Temperature 300/250oC Reservoir Pressure 500 psi /150 psi Cumulative Steam Produced 2.4 trillion kg ~398 million bbls Steam Production (2009) 59 billion kg Injection (2009) 42 billion kg Electricity Produced (2009) 7.6/6.9 (gross/net) million megawatt hrs

Rapid Steam Production Decline The Problem Rapid Steam Production Decline

The Solution Illustration courtesy of Northern California Power Agency

Steam Production is Stabilized The Results Steam Production is Stabilized

Incremental Electricity Southeast Geysers

NCGs & Effluent Injection

Injection & Induced Seismicity >1.5 (ML) EQ Count/yr

Induced Seismicity 2005 - 2010, >1.5 (ML)

Mass Replacement Status

Caprock 1,700 psi 1,200 m Reservoir 150 psi

Conclusions Additional Green Electricity Innovative Sewage Disposal Cleaner Air Emission Induced Seismicity 50 Years Production; added another 50 Added 200+ MWe

Motion Sensor Camera is on! Say Cheese… Motion Sensor Camera is on! Thank you!

Slides after this are not for presentation!

Best Reservoir Model…

Nevertheless, the huge kettle lived happily After the shotgun date, with recycled waste Underneath The Geysers, a mile deep A huge tea-kettle was in superheat Piped-in, to inflate, and re-hydrate Enthalpy was a little downer, of late Plenty of micro earthquakes and shakes Scaring everybody, but no faults or breaks Green energy from Flush to Flash Once again, Phoenix rises from ash Rescue came from treated human waste From the counties of Sonoma and Lake Approaching single phase and no mate Beyond saturation point, in dry-out state

An Injection Well

A Production Well

A Power Plant

California Rule of Capture sınır Soru?

Rapid Steam Production Decline The Problem Rapid Steam Production Decline