Unit 1 Test Directions Quietly utilize the first 5-10 minutes of class to study for your Unit 1 Test. The study guide should already be completed, so you should not be writing anything down (or it will be collected as is). You may study independently or quiz each other at a WHISPER level. Hint: The quieter you study, the more time you’ll be provided.

BELLRINGER Analyze the chart on “Enlightenment Thinkers” in your textbook on page 89. Then, answer the 2 questions to the right. Be sure to cite evidence from the chart when answering each question.

The Enlightenment Influences Montesquieu & Locke

SS.7.C.1.1: Recognize How Enlightenment Ideas Including Montesquieu’s View of Separation of Power and John Locke’s Theories Related to Natural Law and the Social Contract Influenced the Founding Fathers

The Enlightenment The Enlightenment (or Age of Reason) is an era from the 1620’s to the 1780’s in which cultural and intellectual forces in Western Europe emphasized reason, analysis, and individualism rather than traditional lines of authority.

The Enlightenment

John Locke – Natural Rights People are born with natural rights (IDEA KNOWN AS NATURAL LAW) Rights to life, liberty and property.

John Locke – Social Contract Social Contract - People give up some rights in order to be protected by government. If government fails to protect people’s natural rights, people have a right to overthrow it.

John Locke – Social Contract

John Locke – Social Contract Social Contract – people enter into an “agreement” with the government and must give up the right to do certain things, but they get back protection from the government.

John Locke – Influence on the Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson Natural Rights Social Contract Life, liberty & property Unalienable Rights Consent of the governed Life, liberty & pursuit of happiness

Baron de Montesquieu Believed government power should be divided into branches – Separation of Powers Each branch of government should be able to limit power of other 2 branches, creating a balanced government

Montesquieu – Separation of Powers

Montesquieu – Separation of Powers Legislative Makes Laws Executive Executes (enforces) the Law Judicial Interprets the Law

Montesquieu – Influence? Executive – President – Enforces Laws Legislative – Congress – Makes Laws Judicial - Supreme Court – Interprets Laws

Montesquieu / Locke Review The Enlightenment –was a time of learning, knowledge and philosophy John Locke: Natural Law Social Contract Influenced the Declaration of Independence Montesquieu: Separation of Powers / Checks and Balances