by Sumia Mustafa and Tangela Wallace Genetic Disorders by Sumia Mustafa and Tangela Wallace

Have you ever wondered why some people are born “normal” and others are born with disorders?  As you’ve begun to discover in class, there is a lot that needs to occur correctly during DNA replication to make human beings fully functional.  There are many reasons that people have disorders, some of which are called “genetic disorders”. These disorders can be caused due to DNA mutations or can be passed down from parents to their children. The occurring of these disorders is random and cannot be controlled, therefore, anyone and everyone is at risk, including yourself. Even though, genetic disorders are random, parents can be genetically screened to monitor and reduce their chances of passing on the disorder to their children. Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Introduction

There are four groups of human disorders that we explore as part of the biology curriculum. These groups consist of disorders caused by non-disjunction of a tetrad, a sex-linked recessive traits, autosomal recessive traits and autosomal dominant traits. Your group will be responsible for: (1) researching one disorder from each group; (2) assigning a role to each group member; (3) summarizing key information; (4) submitting your findings through a graphic organizer; (5) and forming an argument for and against genetic screening for each disorder. The disorders you are responsible for are listed below. Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Genetic Disorder Cause Sickle Cell Anemia Autosomal recessive trait Down’s Syndrome Non-disjunction Hemophilia Sex-linked recessive trait Huntington’s Disease Autosomal dominant trait Task

In a group of 4, you will be responsible for researching 4 different genetic disorders. Each member will have a role and will research specific information. As you are researching, you will complete a graphic organizer to summarize the following information: symptoms, causes, inheritance patterns, and treatments. Click here to view an example of a graphic organizer; you may create your own. After researching all 4 genetic disorders, the group will decide on one genetic disorder that is of particular interest to everyone. You will form an argument in support and against the use of genetic screening for your selected disorder. Your argument should include your reason for selecting the disorder, at least 3 reasons supporting genetic screening, at least 3 reasons against genetic screening, and a description of the genetic screening methods for your disorder. You may display your disorder in any of the following tools: PowerPoint, Word, Publisher, Animoto, PhotoStory, Glogster, VoiceThread, or any other Web 2.0 Tool. Click here to learn more about your roles. Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Process

Graphic Organizer Sickle Cell Anemia Down’s Syndrome Hemophilia Huntington’s Disease Symptoms Cause Inheritance Pattern Treatment Genetic Screening Graphic Organizer Back to PROCESS Page.

ROLES Patient: Research the symptoms of Down Syndrome, Hemophilia, Sickle Cell, and Huntington's. Research and understand the controversy of genetic screening. Primary Physician: Research the methods to diagnose Down Syndrome, Hemophilia, Sickle Cell, and Huntington's. Research and understand the controversy of genetic screening. Specialist: Research treatments for Down Syndrome, Hemophilia, Sickle Cell, and Huntington's. Research and understand the controversy of genetic screening. Genetic Counselor : Research incidence, causes, and inheritance patterns of Down Syndrome, Hemophilia, Sickle Cell, and Huntington's. Research and understand the controversy of genetic screening. Before you begin working on your particular roles, visit the EVERYONE page to learn more about the genetic disorders.

All group members need to know background information about the four genetic disorders. Click on the images below to learn more about the disorders. All group members should also be familiar with the concept of genetic screening and the different ways it can be conducted. Click on the links below to learn more about genetic screening and testing. Newborn Genetic Screening Genetic Testing Genetic Testing: Ethical Choices Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Sickle Cell Anemia Down’s Syndrome Huntington’s Disease Hemophilia Everyone Back to the ROLES table.

As the patient, you are responsible for explaining your symptoms to the primary physician, specialist, and genetic counselor. Based upon your history, the primary physician will decide if you need to be sent to a specialist. You need to explain your symptoms thoroughly to the genetic counselor to decide if you are a candidate for genetic screening for your future children. Click on the image below to learn more about the symptoms of each disorder. Remember to be very thorough and detailed in your explanations. Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Patient Duties

Here are some links to help you understand the symptoms of each disorder and what a patient goes through if they have been diagnosed. Sickle Cell Anemia Down’s Syndrome Hemophilia Huntington’s Disease Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Patient Links

Primary Physician Duties As the primary physician, you are the first person to hear the patient's symptoms. You will use your expertise to inform the patient of your diagnosis. You must decide whether you can treat the patient or if the disease is out of your field of knowledge. If you do not feel comfortable treating the patient, you will give a referral to a specialist. You need to listen to the patients' symptoms carefully as the specialist will want your input concerning the patient's candidacy for genetic screening for his/her future children. Click on the image below to help diagnose your patient and determine if further referral is necessary. Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Primary Physician Duties

Primary Physician Links Click on the links below for help in your diagnosis and referrals. Sickle Cell Anemia Down’s Syndrome Hemophilia Huntington’s Disease Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Primary Physician Links

As the specialist, you will listen to the primary physician's notes about the patient and hear the patient's symptoms. You will use your expertise to inform the patient of treatment for his/her disease. As an expert of genetic disorders, you will guide the patient's decision toward seeing a genetic counselor for important information regarding the health of his/her future children. Click on the image below to help with treating your patient and determining if he/she needs to be referred to a genetic counselor. Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Specialist Duties

Click on the links below for help in your treatment and possible referral. Sickle Cell Anemia Down’s Syndrome Hemophilia Huntington’s disease Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Specialist Links

Genetic Counselor Duties As the genetic counselor, you will listen to the patient, primary physician, and specialist. You will use your expertise to inform the patient of the cause for the disease, inheritance patterns, and incidence rate. With your expertise, everyone will build a case for and against genetic screening for future children. Click on the image below for causes, inheritance pattern, incidence rate and to determine if screening will be necessary. Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Genetic Counselor Duties

Genetic Counselor Links Click on the links below to help build a case for genetic screening. CAUSES INHERITANCE Sickle Cell Anemia Down’s Syndrome Hemophilia Huntington’s Disease Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Genetic Counselor Links

Your graphic organizers and presentations will be evaluated using the following rubric:   Beginning 1 Developing 2 Accomplished 3 Exemplary 4 Score  Completed Graphic Organizer Graphic Organizer included at least 1 of the following: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes, and Prevention. Graphic Organizer included at least 2 of the following: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes, and Prevention. Graphic Organizer included at least 3 of the following: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes, and Prevention. Graphic Organizer was fully completed with Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes, and Prevention Content Argument For and Against Genetic Screening. Poor Argument For and Against Genetic Screening. No clear reasons for supporting and against Genetic Screening Poor Argument For and Against Genetic Screening. There are least 1 reason supporting and against Genetic Screening. Adequate Argument For and Against Genetic Screening. There are least 2 reasons supporting and against Genetic Screening. Convincing Argument For and Against Genetic Screening. There are at least 3 reasons supporting and against Genetic Screening Presentation with Web 2.0 Tool Presentation was unclear, not logical, or lacks visuals. Presentation was somewhat clear, logical, but lacks visuals Presentation was somewhat clear, logical, and included many visuals. Presentation was clear, logical, and included many visuals. Oral Presentation to Class Using Web 2.0 tool Oral presentation was difficult to understand. Oral presentation was easy to understand, but not very thorough. Oral presentation was thorough, easy to follow, and included only important information. Oral presentation was very complete, easy to understand, and included important information, and even more. Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Evaluation

Good job, you have successfully completed your WebQuest Good job, you have successfully completed your WebQuest! Now that you have learned more about the different types of genetic disorders, their causes, and treatments, you should have a better understanding of how random these disorders are and we are all at risk. You also looked various methods of screening parents, in order to possibly reduce the probability of passing on such genes. Now that you have looked at these particular disorders, think about some order disorders you encounter at school, within the family or even on T.V., and determine if their genetic screening would be ethical. Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Conclusion

http://nursingcomments.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/sickle-cell-cell.jpg http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucbhjow/bmsi/lec7_images/47_xx_21.gif http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Blood-Colts-Fiber-Extremely-Elastic-2.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_zE8CzamN1Y0/TLWfQur4kQI/AAAAAAAABdQ/BLIzKNL3oPY/s400/huntingtons.jpg http://www.ovarian-cancer-facts.com/images/genetic-screening-2.jpg www.gynob.emory.edu/.../index.html http://www.mypatraining.com/tools-of-the-trade-the-stethoscope-and-how-to-use-it http://www.miraclesmagicinc.com/medical/modernizing-medical-laboratory-profession-meet-21st-century-challenges.html Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page References

Teacher Page Continue… Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Introduction The WebQuest is designed for high school Biology students. Students will learn the symptoms, causes, inheritance patterns, incidence, and treatments for the following genetic disorders: Sickle cell anemia, Down’s Syndrome, Huntington’s disease, and Hemophilia. Students will investigate the tools for newborn genetic screening of each disease. Students will evaluate the pros/cons of genetic screening for one disorder of their choice. They will present both sides of their argument through a presentation with a Web 2.0 tool. Curriculum Standards NCSCOS Biology Competency Goal 3 Objective (s): 3.03 Interpret and predict patterns of inheritance. Computer Skills NCSCOS Technology Competency Goal 3 Objective (s): 3.02 Use appropriate technology tools to efficiently collect, analyze, and display data. 3.03 Use electronic resources for research. 3.05 Select and use technology tools for class presentations. 3.06 Adhere to Fair Use and Multimedia Copyright Guidelines, citing sources of copyrighted materials in papers, projects, and multimedia presentations. Teacher Page Continue…

Teacher Page Continued Process The WebQuest is expected to be completed within 2 days of a 90 minute class. The first day will be for research and creating presentation. Day 2 will be for completing the presentation and sharing with the class. Student may complete the presentation at home if they have access to computers. The teacher will need to reserve the computer lab for a minimum of 2 days. If students are engaged with the WebQuest, it should be extended to 3 days. The role of the teacher is to be a facilitator. Students are responsible for researching and forming their own arguments. Students will divided into groups of 4. Each student will be responsible for researching the following disorders: Down Syndrome, Hemophilia, Sickle Cell Anemia, and Huntington’s. Students will complete the graphic organizer below. After completing the graphic organizer, the group will decide on one genetic disorder to consider for genetic screening. Students must provide a comprehensive argument for and against genetic screening for the disorder of their choice. Students will present their argument in a class presentation using a Web 2.0 tool. Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Down Syndrome Hemophilia Sickle Cell Anemia Huntington Symptoms Cause Inheritance Pattern Treatment Genetic Screening Teacher Page Continued Continue…

Teacher Page Continued Evaluation Student should be evaluated based upon 2 items: graphic organizer and presentation with their arguments. The graphic organizer should be accurately and thoroughly completed using the provided links in the WebQuest. The argument for and against genetic screening is subjective, but there should be sound reasons for their reasoning. The links provide general information about genetic screening and it will be the students’ responsibility to apply that knowledge to their disorder. A rubric has been provided to assist with scoring. Conclusion Throughout this WebQuest, student will gain a better understanding of different types of genetic disorders and what it is like to be a patient with the disorder. They also learn about the diagnosis and treatments to broaden their perspective of modern day medicine. They further go on to create an argument for and against genetic screening, exposing them to the ethical issues the medical community faces on a regular basis. Most importantly, they should have a high sense of respect of random mutations and their occurrence without family history. Resources http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/genetictesting.html http://www.ygyh.org/index.htm Introduction Task Process Everyone Patient Primary Physician Specialist Genetic Counselor Evaluation Conclusions References Teacher Page Teacher Page Continued