Life in the Industrial Age 1800-1914 Ms. Ramos

The Industrial Revolution Spreads Ms. Ramos

Factors that led others to industrialize Natural resources Use ideas & tech of U.K. Ms. Ramos

Ms. Ramos Source: Prentice Hall

Effects of industrialization Rapid urbanization Long hours & dangerous conditions Many new goods at lower prices Politics Global trade competition Ms. Ramos

Technology Steele production- Henry Bessemer Dynamite- Alfred Nobel Dynamo- Michael Faraday Elec. Light bulb- Thomas Edison Ms. Ramos

New Production Interchangeable parts Assembly line Ms. Ramos

Transport & Communication Automobile Airplane Telegraph Telephone Radio Ms. Ramos

Business Corporations Monopolies & trusts Cartel “Captains of industry” v. “Robber barons” Ms. Ramos

http://www.uoregon.edu/~eberkshi/webquest/webquest/introduction_files/image002.jpg Ms. Ramos

The Rise of the Cities Ms. Ramos

Medicine adds to pop. Germ theory- Louis Pasteur Tuberculosis- Robert Koch Anesthisia Sanitation & nursing-Florence Nightingale Antiseptic- Joseph Lister Ms. Ramos

City Life Changes Urban renewal Paved lit streets Sewers Skyscrapers Entertainment Slums persisted High crime rates Ms. Ramos

Working Class Advances Mutual-aid societies Men gain suffrage Union action Gov pass working regulations Higher standard of living Ms. Ramos

Expanded Discussion Points From Class Life in Industrial Age Expanded Discussion Points From Class

Electric Power Early Attempts Edison’s Light bulb As the Industrial Age progressed in the late 1800s, one technology changed industry and daily life more than any other-electricity. Scientists interested in electricity for centuries Ben Franklin, 1700s Michael Faraday discovered magnetism, electricity connection 1831 Dynamo powered electric motor Swan developed primitive lightbulb, 1860 Early Attempts First usable, practical lightbulb invented 1879 Edison’s lightbulb came through trial and error and many hours of work in lab Other inventions: Generators Motors Light sockets Electric power plant Edison’s Light bulb

Effects on Industry and Daily Life Electric power transformed industry in Europe and the United States Improved industry in 3 significant ways Factories no longer had to rely on steam engines Factories did not have to depend on waterways to power steam engines Factories became less dependent on sunlight, increased production Improved daily life Cheaper, more convenient light source than gas, oil Other electrical devices soon created

How did electricity change industry and daily life? Analyze How did electricity change industry and daily life?

How did electricity change industry and daily life? Analyze How did electricity change industry and daily life? Answer(s): Factories no longer needed steam engines or water sources to power them; production increased; people could light their homes and businesses more safely and effectively with electric lighting.

Advances in Transportation Boats on canals, rivers best for long-distance travel, in early 1800s With development of efficient steam engines, trains replace boats Trains could carry heavy loads, traveled faster than watercraft World’s first rail line, Britain 1830 3,000 miles of railroads, Eastern U.S. 1840 Steam Powered Trains Bessemer process, forcing air through molten metal to burn out impurities, strengthen steel Factories increased production of locomotives, tracks Stronger steel used to build bridges 30,000 mile network of railroads linking major American cities, 1860 New railroads helped grow cities in American West Improvements in Steel

Advances in Transportation Rail technology around the world India’s first train, 1851 First African railroad, Egypt 1852 Trans-Siberian Railroad in Russia, world’s longest, 1891 Travel and trade Expansion of railroads increased markets Trains moved huge loads efficiently, transportation costs declined New products became available Food products Perishable foods could get to market before spoiling Frozen beef shipped by rail from west to east Shoppers had more food choices

Advances in Transportation Steamships Steamships changed ocean travel Not dependent on wind, could travel through any weather U.S. steamship service began, west around South America to east, 1849 Long distance movement of goods economically viable by 1870 Passenger travel began shortly thereafter First attempts, Europe 1769 1885-1886 Daimler and Benz developed practical automobiles Early U.S. autos too expensive Henry Ford built first affordable cars, mass production, 1908 More roads than rail lines, 1915 The Automobile Wilbur and Orville Wright flew first sustained powered flight, 1903 Developed airplane over four years Glider-powered with internal combustion engine Paved the way for commercial, military airplanes The Airplane

Identifying Cause and Effect What effect did advances in transportation have on daily life?

Identifying Cause and Effect What effect did advances in transportation have on daily life? Answer(s): better and faster means of transportation; made it possible to get more goods to market at lower costs, increasing consumers' choices

“What hath God wrought?” Advances in Communication Early 1800s Communication Much slower than today Boat, messenger on foot, horseback or carriage Entrepreneurs, inventors searched for faster ways The Telegraph Telegraph invented, 1837 Samuel Morse also invented a “language” for those messages Messages transmitted as electrical pulses “What hath God wrought?” First telegraph message from Morse, 1844 Telegraph wires between Washington D.C., Baltimore New era in communication Growth of Telegraph Much of country linked by 1861 Telegraph cable to Europe, 1866; to India, 1870 Globalized personal and business communication

Advances in Communication The Telephone Alexander Graham Bell tried to create way to send multiple telegraph messages at same time Invented telephone 1876 “Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you.” Bell sent message to assistant from one room to another Watson heard message through receiver Demand for telephones Increased during 1880s Thousands of miles of phone lines laid across U.S. Almost 1.5 million phones installed by 1900

Advances in Communication The Radio and Phonograph Telephone technology limited by length of wires New wireless technology Guglielmo Marconi built wireless telegraph, 1895 Radio first used as communication device for ships Later used for entertainment and news Sound recording technology Thomas Edison invented phonograph Music became available to everyone

How did the telegraph differ from the telephone? Contrast How did the telegraph differ from the telephone?

How did the telegraph differ from the telephone? Contrast How did the telegraph differ from the telephone? Answer(s): telegraph transmitted coded messages; telephone transmitted voice