Dietary Guidelines & Recommendations Module 2.4 Dietary Guidelines & Recommendations By Jennifer Turley and Joan Thompson © 2013 Cengage

Presentation Overview Dietary Guidelines 2010 American Heart Association (AHA) dietary recommendations American Cancer Society (ACS) dietary recommendations Case study

Dietary Guidelines, 2010 Americans are overweight or obese and under nourished. Individual, societal, and environmental efforts and interventions are called for: Four directives related to reducing overweight and obesity, Calorie, sodium, solid fat, added sugars, refined grains, and non-nutritious food intake, and increasing plant-based eating and physical activity Nine sustainable food environment changes centered on improving nutrition, food, and cooking literacy and skills, physical education, financial incentives and agricultural programs that ensure healthy and sustainable eating, food security and portion control Eight topic-specific finding areas that promote energy balance and weight control, adequate nutrient, protein, and water intake, whole grains, food safety, and limited SFA (<7%), cholesterol (<300 mg/day), sodium (<2,300 mg /day to 1,500 mg/day) and alcohol intake

Dietary Guidelines, 2010 Less: More: Sedentary behaviors Large portions Saturated fat and trans fat Added sugars and sodium Snacking Fast food Mindless eating Heavy alcohol consumption Foodborne illness Obesity and chronic disease prevention Physical activity Appropriate portions Foods high in essential nutrients Home cooking Plant based and whole foods Seafood Nutrition and physical education Financial incentives to eat right Food safety and security Good health and function

AHA & ACS Recommendations AHA overall healthy eating plan: Consume a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole-grain. Consume fish (twice/week, esp. oily). Minimize the intake of beverages and foods with added sugars Healthy Body weight Desirable lipid profile: <300 mg chol, SFA <7%, PUFA up to 10%, MUFA up to 15%, avoid trans fatty acids (<1%) Desirable blood pressure: sodium between 1,500 and 2,300 mg/day Alcohol in moderation if any ACS: Eat a variety of healthful foods, with an emphasis on plant sources 5 or more fruits and vegetables whole grains not refined grains limit high fat red and processed meats and alcohol Maintain a healthy body weight throughout life, be physically active.

Case Study Finicky Feena: Feena is a 19-year-old female She is 5 feet 3 inches tall and weighs 155 pounds. She is overweight and has a low physical activity lifestyle (<30 minutes/day). She likes to eat snacks while surfing the internet and eats dinner while watching TV

Feena’s 1-day diet Breakfast: Sunny-Delight (8 fl. oz) White Bread (2 pieces) Sugar (1 T) Cinnamon (1 t) Butter (2 t) Lunch: Cottage Cheese (1 C, reg.) Pear (1 medium) Ramen noodles (1 cup, chicken) Sunny-D (12 fl. oz) Snacks: Water (20 fl. oz) Milky way bar (1 each) Pear (1 medium) Dinner: Pizza Hut pepperoni personal pan pizza (1 each, approx 3 slices) Ice burg lettuce salad (1.25 C) Ranch dressing (2 T) Root Beer (16 Fl oz)

Feena’s partial diet analysis results Total Carbohydrates: 59% Simple: 31% Complex: 28% Alcohol: 0% Total Protein: 13% Complete: 10% Incomplete: 3% Total Fat: 29% SFA: 19% MUFA: 6% PUFA: 4% Cholesterol: 103 mg Sodium: 3,967 mg Adequate nutrients: Vitamins C and A, protein Inadequate or deficient nutrients: essential fatty acids, fiber, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12, folate, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc. Calories: Intake: 2,377 DRI need: 2,261

Case Study Q&A 1. Which of the Four Directives of the Dietary Guidelines, 2010 is Feena in compliance with? 2. True or False, Feena is using her cooking skills to promote individual, societal, or environmental health? (explain) 3. True or False, Feena engages in mindless eating which is discouraged by the Dietary Guidelines, 2010. (explain) 4. Feena’s diet met the American Heart Association (AHA) dietary recommendation (Yes or No) for: Cholesterol? Sodium? Alcohol? SFA?

Case Study Q&A 5. Feena’s diet met the American Cancer Society dietary recommendations? Yes or No (if no, then what was wrong) 6. Feena’s lifestyle met the recommendations for physical activity and she is on track for maintaining a healthy body weight? Yes or No (if no, then what was wrong) 7. Feena’s diet met the AMDRs for carbohydrate, sugar, protein, and fat. Yes or No (if no, then what was wrong) References for this presentation are the same as those for this topic found in module 2 of the textbook