Metals and Metal Compounds KS3 Chemistry Metals and Metal Compounds

9E Metals and Metal Compounds Contents 9E Metals and Metal Compounds Metals and non-metals Metals and acids Metal compounds and acids Symbol equations Summary activities

Metal or non-metal? iron (Fe) iodine (I) antimony (Sb) phosphorus (P) Is this element a or a ? metal non-metal iodine (I) sulfur (S) magnesium (Mg) antimony (Sb) copper (Cu) phosphorus (P) iron (Fe) Hard to say! H Li Na K Rb Cs Fr Be Sc Ti Mg V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se Br Ca Kr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Sr Te Rh Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po La At Pt Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? Ac Al P N O S Cl F Ne Ar Rn I Si Xe He B C As Mg Mg P P S S Fe Fe Cu Cu On this slide there are seven elements to be identified as metal or non-metal. Sb Sb I I

Metals and non-metals in the periodic table The periodic table is a list of all the known elements which are arranged according to the similarities in their properties. Metals are on the left and in the centre. Non-metals are mostly on the right. Xe What type of elements are between metals and non-metals?

Metals and non-metals in the periodic table

Metal, non-metal or metalloid? scandium (Sc) francium (Fr) cobalt (Co) krypton (Kr) silicon (Si) metal non-metal metalloid metal metal Which side are the metals on? Which side are the non-metals on? What are metalloids? H Li Na K Rb Cs Fr Be Sc Ti Mg V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se Br Ca Kr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Sr Te Rh Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po La At Pt Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? Ac Al P N O S Cl F Ne Ar Rn I Si Xe He B C As On this slide there are five elements to be identified as metal, non-metal or metalloid. Metals are on the left and in the centre. Metalloids sometimes behave like metals and sometimes like non-metals. Non-metals are mostly on the right.

What are the properties of metals? malleable (easy to bend) shiny solid sonorous (makes a sound) good conductor of electricity Properties of metals dense strong high melting point good conductor of heat Point out the metal exceptions which do not display these properties, e.g. mercury, sodium. ductile (can be drawn into wires) high boiling point Do all metals have these properties?

Properties of metals and non-metals

Metals and non-metals – true or false?

Using metals Can all metals do the same job?.

Using metals activity

9E Metals and Metal Compounds Contents 9E Metals and Metal Compounds Metals and non-metals Metals and acids Metal compounds and acids Symbol equations Summary activities

Reaction of metals with acids Many metals react with acids. When this happens the metal fizzes as bubbles are produced. hydrogen burning splint What do the bubbles mean? magnesium + acid A gas is produced. How can you test to find out if the gas produced is hydrogen? Place a burning splint next to the mouth of test tube. A ‘squeaky pop’ as the gas ignites shows that hydrogen is the gas produced in this reaction.

Reaction of metals with acids When a metal reacts with an acid, the products are a salt and hydrogen gas. metal acid sulfuric acid hydrochloric acid nitric acid metal chloride metal sulfate metal nitrate salt hydrogen The salt produced depends on the metal and type of acid involved in the reaction: When a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, the salt produced is a metal chloride. When a metal reacts with sulfuric acid, the salt produced is a metal sulfate. When a metal reacts with nitric acid, the salt produced is a metal nitrate.

Complete the word equations Complete the word equations for metals reacting with acid: magnesium nitric acid ? magnesium nitrate hydrogen iron sulfuric acid ? iron sulfate hydrogen zinc hydrochloric acid zinc chloride ? hydrogen ? lead sulfuric acid ? lead sulfate hydrogen

increasing reactivity Reactivity of metals Some metals react more vigorously with acids than others. Metals can be listed in order of how reactive they are. This list is called the reactivity series. potassium sodium calcium magnesium aluminium zinc iron lead (hydrogen) copper silver gold The more reactive the metal, the more vigorous the reaction. increasing reactivity A metal that is below hydrogen will not react with dilute acids.

9E Metals and Metal Compounds Contents 9E Metals and Metal Compounds Metals and non-metals Metals and acids Metal compounds and acids Symbol equations Summary activities

Reaction of metal carbonates with acids When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, it fizzes giving off carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide can be tested for using the limewater test. When carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through limewater, it turns the limewater cloudy or milky white. Most metal carbonates are not very soluble and so the reactions may be slow.

Reaction of metal carbonates with acids When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, the products are a salt, carbon dioxide and water. metal carbonate sulfuric acid nitric acid acid hydrochloricacid metal nitrate salt metal sulfate metal chloride carbon dioxide water The salt produced depends on the metal carbonate and type of acid involved in the reaction: When a metal carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid, the salt produced is a metal chloride. When a metal carbonate reacts with sulfuric acid, the salt produced is a metal sulfate. When a metal carbonate reacts with nitric acid, the salt produced is a metal nitrate.

Complete the word equations metal carbonate acid salt carbon dioxide water Complete the word equation for each reaction between a metal carbonates and an acid: sodium carbonate ? nitric acid sodium nitrate ? carbon dioxide water ? calcium carbonate nitric acid calcium nitrate carbon dioxide water zinc carbonate sulfuric acid ? zinc sulfate carbon dioxide ? ? water

Reaction of metal oxides with acids When a metal oxide reacts with an acid, the products are a salt and water. metal oxide acid salt water A metal oxide is a type of chemical called a base. Bases are chemicals that react with an acid to produce a salt and water. A base that is soluble in water is called an alkali. Using the products as a clue, what is the reaction between a base (such as a metal oxide) and an acid called? neutralization

Complete the word equations metal oxide acid salt water Complete the word equation for each reaction between a metal oxide and an acid: magnesium oxide nitric acid ? magnesium nitrate ? water zinc oxide sulfuric acid ? zinc sulfate water ? iron oxide hydrochloric acid iron chloride ? ? water

9E Metals and Metal Compounds Contents 9E Metals and Metal Compounds Metals and non-metals Metals and acids Metal compounds and acids Symbol equations Summary activities

Chemical formulae – what is the ratio of atoms? The name of a chemical can also be written as a formula. A formula uses chemical symbols and numbers to show the ratio of atoms of each element present in the chemical. Name of salt Formula Ratio of atoms in salt calcium chloride CaCl2 Ca Cl 1 2 sodium sulphate Na2SO4 Na S O 2 1 4 magnesium sulphate MgSO4 Mg S O 1 1 4 magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2 Mg N O 1 2 6 calcium sulphate CaSO4 Ca 1 S 1 O 4

What is the ratio of atoms in each salt? Name of salt Formula Ratio of atoms in salt sodium chloride NaCl 1 Na 1 Cl magnesium chloride MgCl2 1 Mg 2 Cl potassium nitrate KNO3 1 K 1 N 3 O potassium sulphate K2SO4 2 K 1 S 4 O calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 1 Ca 2 N 6 O

Writing equations using chemical formulae The names of chemicals in a word equation can be replaced with chemical formulae. When a chemical reaction is written using chemical formulae, the equation must be balanced. zinc hydrogen hydrochloric acid zinc chloride Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 2 1 Zn 1 H, 1 Cl 2 H, 2 Cl 1 Zn, 2 Cl 2 H Write down the formula for each chemical. Count the number of atoms on each side of the equation. Where needed, adjust the numbers in front of the formula so that the numbers of atoms on each side are balanced.

Writing and balancing chemical equations Use chemical formulae to write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead and hydrochloric acid. lead hydrochloric acid lead chloride hydrogen Pb + HCl → PbCl2 + H2 2 Use chemical formulae to write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium oxide and hydrochloric acid. calcium hydrochloric acid calcium chloride hydrogen Ca + HCl → CaCl2 + H2 2

Balancing equations activity

9E Metals and Metal Compounds Contents 9E Metals and Metal Compounds Metals and non-metals Metals and acids Metal compounds and acids Symbol equations Summary activities

alkali – A soluble base. Glossary alkali – A soluble base. base – A compound (such as a metal oxide) that reacts with an acid to produce a salt and water. conductor – A material that allows heat and electricity to travel through it easily. malleable – A material that can be hammered into shape. metal – An element found on the left of the periodic table which is usually hard, shiny and a good conductor. metal carbonate – A compound made of a metal, carbon and oxygen. It reacts with acid to produce a salt, carbon dioxide and water. metal oxide – A compound made of a metal and oxygen. It reacts with acid to produce a salt and water. property – A characteristic of a material.

Anagrams

Multiple-choice quiz