Imperial Wars and Colonial Protests APUSH Imperial Wars and Colonial Protests

French and Indian War Was known as “Seven Years War” in Europe. Began with battle at Fort Duquesne. Colonel George Washington and his Virginia militia surrendered to the French. French aided greatly by their Native American allies, the Algonquians. War goes badly for the British during the first few years.

Albany Plan of Union British government asked colonies to meet and set up a plan for colonial defense Benjamin Franklin developed a plan that established a colonial government and created a system for collecting taxes and recruiting troops Plan was only adopted by 7 colonies so it never took effect Important because it was the first attempt to unite the colonies

Political Cartoon

British Victory William Pitt, the new British Prime Minister, concentrated on capturing Canada Pitt’s plan was successful Treaty of Paris in 1763 officially ended the war Great Britain now had unchallenged supremacy in North America The British attitudes toward the colonies will also change

Points of View British thought the colonies were weak and had not offered to help enough during the war They feared the colonies would not protect all of Britain’s new territory The Americans thought they had performed well during the war They thought the British were foolish for fighting in the traditional way in the wilderness

British tighten control Britain will no longer allow the Americans so much freedom Send more troops to protect the American territories Sends British troops to deal with Pontiac’s Rebellion instead of the colonies Britain begins to enforce more laws and tighten the grip on the American colonies Britain also looks to the colonies to help pay for the war

Proclamation of 1763 Purpose was the stabilize the western front Britain tells colonists they are not allowed to settle west of the Appalachians Trying to reduce tensions between colonists and Native Americans Americans were angry and moved west anyway First action of the British that was met with anger and resistance from the colonists

Proclamation of 1763

Crisis in the colonies Each of the following alarmed Americans because they feared the British were threatening their cherished liberties and their long-standing tradition of self-government Sugar Act 1764 Quartering Act 1765 Stamp Act 1765: resulted in the Stamp Act Congress, Sons and Daughters of Liberty, and “no taxation without representation”

Stamp Act

Crisis in the colonies Declaratory Act 1766: Repeals Stamp Act but reinforces Parliaments control of the colonies Townshend Acts 1767: Taxed imported goods, also allowed searches of homes with just writs of assistance, repealed in 1770 Boston Massacre 1770: scuffle between Bostonians and British troops ended with soldiers killing 5

Committees of Correpsondence Relative peace between 1770-1772 Colonists continued to distrust British Samuel Adams created a network of colonists that kept each other informed on British activities through letters These committees discussed events such as The Gaspee

Boston Tea Party Protest in response to the Tea Act Colonists dressed as Native Americans dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor in Dec 1773 Colonial reactions were mixed although most supported the protest Britain passed the Coercive Acts 1774 as punishment

Intolerable Acts Coercive Acts were called the Intolerable Acts by Americans Boston Harbor was closed, no trade allowed MA legislature was reduced and royal governor’s power was increased Officials could be tried in England Expanded the Quartering Act

Quebec Act Quebec Act 1774 organized lands in Canada Established Roman Catholicism as official religion in Canada Did not allow Canada a representative assembly Extended Quebec’s boundary to Ohio River Americans feared the British would try to enact these types of measures in the colonies as well

Effects of the Enlightenment Celebrated human reason John Locke’s “natural rights” were supported in the colonies Locke said every had rights, the gov’t got its power from the people, and citizens could overthrow the gov’t if it didn’t work Focused on science, reason, and respect for humanity Influenced Jefferson, Franklin, Washington, and Adams