The C3S project UrbanSIS - 1km resolution ECVs and impact indicators over European cities focusing on health and infrastructure Lars Gidhagen, Jorge H. Amorim, Heiner Körnich, Esbjörn Olsson, David Lindstedt, Petter Lind, Yeshewatesfa Hundecha, Magnuz Engardt (SMHI)

Motivation Flash floods Heat waves Urban air quality (Picture by Jonasosthassel on flickr CC by 2.0) Urban air quality

Urban SIS - a climate service for European cities How possible? detailed land-use data publically available climate models can run on spatial resolutions that ”feels” the city characteristics Overall aims: offer high spatial and temporal resolution to increase the usefulness of the information Focus: consistent ECVs for short- and long-term urban planning Existing climate data are relevant at the regional scale, but less informative on intra-city gradients

Goal: Urban ECVs and climate impact indicators 65 Impact Indicators specified by users and experts for infrastructure and health: Urban SIS delivers: 26 Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) as hourly (or 15 min for precipitation) 1x1km2 resolution to be visualized and/or downloaded series of statistical indicators for each ECV, e.g. daily/monthly/annual averages and extreme values

3 European cities (Stockholm, Bologna and Amsterdam/Rotterdam) Methodology Dynamical downscaling of reanalysis and regional climate modelling data HARMONIE-AROME demonstration for 3 time windows of 5 years representing historical, present and future conditions over 3 European cities (Stockholm, Bologna and Amsterdam/Rotterdam)

Refining the urban surface Open-access databases and products used for enriching ECOCLIMAP II: Input data type Product Spatial resolution (m) Source data type Webpage Spatial coverage of land cover types Copernicus Land Monitoring Services: Urban Atlas 2012 100 Satellite data PROBAV v1.4 http://land.copern icus.eu/local/urba n-atlas Building polygons OpenStreetMap nd Different sources https://www.open streetmap.org Building/tree heights Swedish Forest Agency 12.5 Lidar measurements http://www.skogs styrelsen.se/Mynd igheten/Om- oss/Oppna-data/ Time-series of LAI Copernicus Global Land Service 1000 Satellite data http://land.copern icus.eu/global/the mes/vegetation Selection criteria: Accuracy/reliability, Spatial (& time) resolution, Availability

Urban SIS - The Urban SIS data portal Information pages Data portal Main entrance to Urban SIS. Metadata and links to data Other relevant information to support user in using the data Community and best practice Data portal Visualisation, selection and download of the Urban SIS data. Data is stored as NetCDF following convention CF-1.6. The data portal is based on THREADDS Data Server and a web client for visualization and download. http://urbansis.climate.copernicus.eu/

Simulated monthly mean 2m air temperature in Stockholm, July 2014 Example from portal http://urbansis.climate.copernicus.eu/ Simulated monthly mean 2m air temperature in Stockholm, July 2014

Park Cool Island (PCI) effect / Bologna Mean daily profile of T2m over 5-years (2006-07,12-14) at Giardini Margherita DJF JJA PCIday ≈ 0.5K PCIday ≈ 2.2K PCInight ≈ 1.8K PCInight ≈ 2K PCIavg = 1.45K PCIavg = 2.04K − model T2m@URBAN − model T2m@NATURE

Observed and simulated climate impact

Mean July precipitation in Stockholm Observed Simulated

Mean January precipitation in Stockholm Observed Simulated During strongly forced conditions (e.g. wintertime) a larger domain is needed.

Observed and simulated precipitation in Stockholm Depth-Duration-Frequency Good agreement for strong precipitation. Note: different time periods were used.

Conclusions UrbanSIS provides urban consistent ECVs and climate impact indicators by using a dynamical downscaling modeling chain with considerable computational costs. Urban heat and park cooling island effects can be quantified. Summer urban rainfall shows good results. For wintertime precipitation, a larger domain is needed. Visit our portal: http://urbansis.climate.copernicus.eu/

Urban SIS – Thank you for your attention! Questions?