Inventions of the Late 1800’s Alan Russell ED 639

10th Grade American History Chapter 6 – The Industrial Revolution

Objectives Students should be able to explain effects of new technology during the industrial revolution on work and home life. Students should be able to list and discuss the importance of these new technologies. Students should be able to explain the modernization of Agricultural.

Academic Content Standards 10th Grade History: Benchmark B. Explain the social, political, and economic effects of industrialization.

New Forms of Technology We will discuss new forms of technology in the fields of: Energy Communication Transportation And Agricultural

New Forms of Energy Edwin L. Drake Develops new technology for obtaining oil from the ground. In 1859, Drake strikes oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania.

New Forms of Energy Before Drake, oil was obtain by melting the fat of whales or by digging large pits. Gaining oil was now cheaper and more efficient. New uses for oil developed and the industry boomed. An oil derrick today.

New Forms of Energy Thomas A. Edison Native of Ohio Holds over 1,000 patents for his inventions.

New Forms of Energy After numerous mistrials, in 1880, Edison invented the light bulb. Edison also developed the idea for a central power station to make electricity more affordable and more widespread. The light bulb and power stations allowed the work day to be extended past dusk. It also allowed homes to be lit well into the night. The early light bulb.

New Forms of Energy George Westinghouse Invented a way to transmit electricity through an alternating current. This allowed electricity to be sent farther distances and for less money. It made the use of electricity in the home more practicable and affordable.

New Forms of Communications Samuel F. B. Morse Perfected the telegraph (did not invent the first telegraph). Developed an alphabet of dots and dashes, called Morse code, to communicate. Started the communications revolution.

New Forms of Communications The telegraph machines were connected by wires that transmitted an electrical impulse used for communication. By 1900, over 900,000 miles of wire were sending messages to cities all over the nation. This new invention allowed for easier, long distance communications, and allowed for cities to be connected to each other.

New Forms of Communications Alexander Graham Bell Invented the “talking telegraph” or telephone while experimenting with inventions to help people hear in 1876. By 1900, 1.5 million telephones were in operation.

New Forms of Communications This allowed people to communicate through talking and not the telegraph process. Farther united citizens and cities through communications. An early telephone

New Forms of Transportation Henry Bessemer developed the Bessemer Process. This process transformed iron ore into the lighter, stronger, and more flexible steel. He found a way to make the steel cheaper and easier.

New Forms of Transportation This new process in producing mass quantities of steel led to vast improvements in the transportation industry. In 1869, the Transcontinental Railroad was completed that connected the cities and industry of the east to the Pacific ocean. The transfer of people, goods, mail, or troops was now easier than ever.

New Forms of Transportation. The Bessemer process also improved the structure of buildings and bridges. The Brooklyn Bridge, finished 1883, was another example of how steel improved transportation in America.

Improvements in Agricultural In the 1880’s more than 60% of the American work force worked in Agricultural. Due to improvements in Ag more crops could be produced while using less laborers. By 1920, only 50% worked on farms. While today approximately 2% of laborers work on farms.

Improvements in Agricultural A stronger plough was developed using steel. The multi-row plough allowed several furrows to be dug at once. This made the farming process more efficient.

Improvements in Agricultural The Reaper A horse drawn and powered machine to cut the crops at the stem. Prior to this invention crops were harvested by hand.

Improvements in Agricultural The Thresher Horse powered machine used to separate the grain from the stalks or hulks of the plants. Previously done by hand which was time consuming and labor intensive.

Student Activities Students will choose 3 of the 5 assignments to complete. 1. Students will choose one invention and describe how it changed life in a one page paper. 2. Students will compose one poem or song lyrics discussing the use of at least one invention.

Student Activities Students will write a letter to someone in the late 1800’s, while choosing one invention, describing what life was like before and then after they received the invention. Students will answer questions 1-5 on page 268 in the text book. Students will choose one inventor and write a two page biography on his life.

Websites For Your Consideration www.wikipedia.org www.scholar.google.com/ http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blsteel.htm Information on the life of Henry Bessemer. http://www.thomasedison.com/ Information on the life of Thomas Edison http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/drake_hi.html Information of Edwin Drake