World War 1

OBJ #1: Causes of World War 1 (WW1): 3 ISM’s: 1. Imperialism: * When one country takes over new lands or countries and makes them follow their rules. * France & Brittan had control of large areas of Africa 2. Nationalism : * Strong feelings of pride and loyalty for a country or culture. * People are proud of their country and would fight for their country 3.Militarism: * Developing and building up of armies and navies for competition

The Spark: Sarajevo 1914 Archduke Ferdinand of Austria- Hungarian Empire assassinated by Serb nationalist Austria- Hungary blames Serbia and makes demands Russia to protect Serbia Archduke Ferdinand of Austria- Gavrilo Princip worked with the Black Hand.

Alliance System: -Secret treaties signed between countries * Triple Alliance: Germany Austro-Hungarian Ottoman Empire * Triple Entente: Great Britain France Russia (Later Japan & Italy)

OBJ #2: The War is ON! * Countries get armies together * Austria- Hungary declares war on Serbia * Russia prepares for war with Austria * Germany tells Russia to stop * Germany attacks France (hoping to win quickly and then deal with Russia) * Great Britain has alliance with France & Russia ** NO Stopping Once It Has Started**

OBJ #3: New Technology Kills: 1. Trench Warfare: Miles of Trenches, dirty, muddy, horrible Trench Foot

2. Machine guns: 4-6 men to work, fire power of 100 guns 3. Zeppelin: (Blimp) airship used by Germany. Carried machine guns and bombs. Stopped using- easy target

4. Poison Gas: Chlorine Gas: Burning in the throat & Chest Pains, Death is painful! Mustard Gas: Fired into trenches- Blistering skin, vomiting, Internal bleeding. Germans were the 1st to use the poison gases. Many soldiers used masks drenched in urine. By 1915, soldiers were given proper masks to stop the gases.

Dogs wearing Gas Masks. They would send messages during Battle.

5. U- Boats (Submarines) Germans began using U-Boats with Torpedoes, which blew up ships carrying supplies going to Britain. Helps bring America Into war!

6. Airplanes: 1st used to deliver bombs, then became fighter aircrafts, armed with machine gun. Fights between two planes became known as “dogfights”. Some planes were even armed with bombs and cannons.

7. Tanks: Used at end of war Needed crew of 3 Couldn’t cross trenches. The 1st tank was called “Little Willie”. The max. speed was 3 mph.

OBJ #4: America’s Role: Isolationism (do not get involved) America was Neutral: to not pick sides Problem: Trade with Great Britain (weapons & Supplies) Wilson elected: “Keep us out of war”

End of Neutrality: Germany will sink ALL ships going to Allies German U-Boat sinks the Lusitania - 128 Americans killed Zimmerman Telegram: Germany tries to get Mexico to start war with U.S. (Get back lost land) Russians Leave War ** America Enters War: April 1917

The War at Home: Women took better jobs working in Factories (Making the same $$$$) African Americans took jobs in War Factories Save food for troops: “Meatless Monday’s” & “Wheatless Wednesday's” * Paying for Supplies: * Liberty (War) Bonds: Let the Government borrow money ($$) and they will pay back after the war is over.

Propaganda: Spreading ideas to boost someone’s opinion Used by all countries, including America

OBJ #5: America Enters: * British Starving * French Refusing to Fight * Russians have given up * U-Boats sinking many ships American troops land in France and push Germans back Germans can’t keep up with Americans

Germany Gives Up: German citizens protest Germans request Armistice:truce Nov. 11, 1918 at 11 in the morning Fighting Stops Leaders meet to discuss the future of the countries.

OBJ #6: The War is Over: Wilson’s 14 Points (Peace Plan): Freedom of seas & Trade Cutback on Weapons/ End to Secret Treaties People could pick their government Formed League of Nations: - Countries meet to resolve problems - Talking vs. Fighting

Europeans FIX (Kill) Wilson's Plan: Leaders meet in France and talk about future of Germany Make the Treaty of Versailles (1919): Germany must pay reparations (war debt) $33 million (Germany doesn’t have $) Germany was forced to give up land America doesn’t sign Treaty: Senate rejects!

Costs of the War: Deaths (World wide): 8.5 million U.S. Deaths: 126,000 Casualties (World Wide): 37.5 mill.