Flavor and Physics beyond the Standard Model Yasuhiro Okada (KEK) June 21, 2007 “SUSY in 2010’s” Hokkaido Univ.

Flavor physics in LHC era LHC will start explore TeV physics. TeV = the scale of the electroweak symmetry breaking. New physics is most probably related to the electroweak symmetry breaking physics, why the weak scale is here. It could involve new symmetries, new forces, or new dimensions. Ex. SUSY, Little Higgs, extra-dim models, etc. After 8 years of successful B factory experiments, focus of flavor physics is also shifting to new physics searches.

Logical order Flavor sector Gauge invariance Higgs sector Unless we know what is the Higgs field, we do not know how to write the Yukawa couplings. Discoveries may not come in the logical order. “Mystery” ex. CPV in kaon. Current mysteries. Neutrino mass, Baryon number of the universe, Dark matter.

Content of this talk Status of quark flavor physics New physics examples SUSY, Extra dimensions, Little Higgs models Neutrino and Lepton Flavor Violation Super KEKB LoI hep-ex/0406071 SLAC Super B workshop proceedings: hep-ph/0503261

Status of quark flavor physics The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix works.

Series of discoveries 2001 CPV in B->J/p Ks 2001 b->sll 2004 Direct CPV in B->Kp 2006 b->dg 2006 B->tn 2006 Bs –Bs mixing at Tevatron D-D mixing All are consistent with the CKM predictions

Is this enough? Not, to study New Physics effects. In order to disentangle new physics effects, we should first determine CKM parameters by “tree-level” processes. Fit from tree level processes |Vub|, f3/g Bd mixing and CP asymmetries eK and B(K->pnn) Bs mixing and CP asymmetries + We know (or constrain) which sector is affected by new physics. Improvement of f3/g is essential.

Essential measurements for new physics searches |Vub| from e+e-B factories f3/g from e+e- B factories and LHCb The phase of the Bs-Bs amplitude from Bs->J/yf CP asymmetry at LHCb. Improvements on rear decay observables: CP asymmetry in B->f Ks, etc. Direct and mixing-induced CP asymmetry in B->Xs g Forward-backward asymmetry in b->sll Roughly speaking, current data only constrain 0(1) new physics effects.

SUSY and Flavor Physics SUSY modes introduce SUSY partners. Squark/sleption mass matrixes are new sources of flavor mixing and CP violation. Squark/slepton masses depend on SUSY breaking terms as well as the Yukawa coupling constants. Quark mass Squark mass SUSY breaking

Squark/slepton mass matrixes carry information on the SUSY breaking mechanism and interactions at the GUT scale. Origin of SUSY breaking (mSUGRA, AMSB, GMSB, Flavor symmetry, etc.) SUSY breaking terms at the Mw scale (squark, slepton, chargino, neutralino, gluino masses) Renormalization (SUSY GUT, neutrino Yukawa couplings etc.) Diagonal : LHC/LC Off-diagonal: Future Flavor exp. Top quark: Tevatron KM phase: B factories SUSY GUT example => T.Goto’s talk

SUSY with a minimal flavor violation (MFV) Even in the case where the squark flavor mixing is similar to the quark flavor mixing (MFV), a large deviation from the SM is possible for a large value of two vacuum expectation values (tan b ) Effects can be significant for the charged Higgs boson exchange in B -> D tn and B -> tn. Bs -> m m is enhanced by the loop-induced flavor changing neutral Higgs coupling.

Tauonic B decay The Belle and Babar combined result of the B ->tn branching ratio. This is sensitive to the charged Higgs boson exchange diagram in 2 Higgs doublet model as well as SUSY models. New contributions are important for the large tanb case b u t n W H- b u t n Charged Higgs exchange contribution depends on

B(B->tn) vs. B(B->Dtn) ,B(b->ctn) ,B(B->D*tn) There are four processes sensitive to charged Higgs exchanges. Although inclusive b->ctn and B->D* tn are mesured, B -> Dtn process is the most useful to combined with B->tn B(B->Dtn)/B(B->Dmn) B(B->tn) Belle+BABAR

B(b->ctn)/B(b->cen) B(B->D*tn) Belle 2007 (LEP) B(b->ctn)/B(b->cen) B(B->D*tn) Belle LEP Y.Grossman, H.Haber and Y.Nir 1995

Comparison with the charged Higgs boson production at LHC K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea Belle B->tn: excluded region (95.5%CL) The parameter region covered by B decays and the charged Higgs production overlaps. If both experiments find positive effects, we can perform Universality Test of the charged Higgs couplings. B->tn: H-b-u coupling B->Dtn : H-b-c coupling gb->tH: H-b-t coupling H b t g SUSY loop vertex correction can break the universality. K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea

Even within the MFV frame, there can be sizable difference between the corrections to the H-b-t vertex and the H-b-c(u) vertex. B->tn Effective tanb= tanb x R-1t,c,u H-b-t (At=1TeV) H-b-c(u) (At=-1TeV) m>0 m<0 B->Dtn gb->tH+ ->ttn, approximately gb->tH+ ->ttb, approximately H.Itoh and Y.Okada Test of charged Higgs coupling universality => Squark flavor structure. The ratio gives R-1t.

Bs->mm and SUSY s b m SUSY loop corrections can enhance B(Bs->mm) by a few orders of magnitude from the SM prediction for large values of tan b. Loop-induced neutral Higgs exchange effects The discovery region of a neutral Higgs boson through pp->bf0->bmm at LHC and the discovery region of Bs->mm at Tevatron and LHC overlap. C.Kao and Y.Wang

Large extra dim and B physics Models with large extra dimensions were proposed as an alternative scenario for a solution to the hierarchy problem. Various types of models: Flat extra dim vs. Curved extra dim What particles can propagate in the bulk. Geometrical construction of the fermion mass hierarchy => non-universality of KK graviton/gauge boson couplings

KK graviton exchange b->sll differential Br T. Rizzo AFB 1.5TeV KK graviton exchange can induce tree-level FCNC coupling. Differential branching ratio of b->sll processes. P3 M=1TeV P3 : 3rd Legendre polynomial moment => pick up (cosq )^3 terms due to spin2 graviton exchange. (In both flat and curved extra dim ) T.Rizzo (Flat large extra dim case)

KK gluon, KK Z-boson exchange in warped extra dim. In the warped extra dimension with bulk fermion/gauge boson propagation in order for the fermion mass hierarchy, we put Light fermion -> localized toward Planck brane Top and left-handed bottom -> localized toward the TeV brane. Generate tree level FCNC in KK gluon and Z boson exchange. S(fKs) vs KK gluon mass 1st KK gluon mass G.Burdman

Little Higgs model ~10 TeV, new strong dynamics ~ 1TeV WH, ZH, fij, uH,dH AH T+,T- ~200 GeV A Higgs boson and SM particles Particle content of the littlest Higgs model with T parity. Little Higgs model : a model with a composite Higgs boson. New particles (heavy gauge bosons, a heavy top partner) are introduced to cancel the quadratic divergence of the Higgs mass at one loop level. The mass of these particles are around 1 TeV if the model is extended with “T parity”. N.Arkani-Hamed,A.G.Cohen, E.Katz,and A.E.Nelson,2002 C.H.Cheng and I.Low,2003

Flavor signals of T-odd fermions T-odd SU(2) doublet mirror fermions J.Hubisz,S.J.Lee, and G.Paz d u W VCKM Three flavor mixing matrixes Two are independent. u qH WH,ZH,AH VHu A new flavor mixing matrix can generate various patterns of deviation from the SM. d qH WH,ZH,AH VHd M.Blanke,A.J.Buras,A.Poschenrieder,C.Tarantino,S.Uhlig,and A.Weiler

Pattern of New Physics effects SUSY Large Extra Dimension model Different pattern of the deviations from the SM prediction. Correlation with other physics observables. 2003 SLAC WS Proceedings

Neutrino and LFV Although the simple seesaw or Dirac neutrino model predicts too small branching ratios for the charged lepton LFV, other models of neutrino mass generation can induce observable effects. SUSY seesaw model (F.Borzumati and A.Masiero 1986)=>T.Goto’s talk Triplet Higgs model (E.J.Chun, K.Y.Lee,S.C.Park; N.Kakizaki,Y.Ogura, F.Shima, 2003) Left-right symmetric model (V.Cirigliano, A.Kurylov, M.J.Ramsey-Musolf, P.Vogel, 2004) R-parity violating SUSY model (A.de Gouvea,S.Lola,K.Tobe,2001) Generalized Zee model (K.Hasagawa, C.S.Lim, K.Ogure, 2003) Neutrino mass from the warped extra dimension (R.Kitano,2000)

SUSY seesaw with a large tan b R.Kitano,M.Koike,S.Komine, and Y.Okada, 2003 SUSY loop diagrams can generate a LFV Higgs-boson coupling for large tan b cases. (K.Babu, C.Kolda,2002) s m e The heavy Higgs-boson exchange provides a new contribution of a scalar type. Higgs-exchange contribution Photon-exchange contribution

Ratio of the branching ratios and Z-dependence of mu-e conversion rates mu-e conversion is enhanced. Z-dependence indicates the scalar exchange contribution.

LFV in LR symmetric model (Non-SUSY) left-right symmetric model L<->R parity Higgs fields, (bi-doublet, two triplets) Low energy (TeV region ) seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses

Four lepton interactions are dominant among various LFV processes. In general, Example of tau and mu LFV processes A.Akeroyd, M.Aoki, Y.Okada,2006

Summary In the LHC era, physics at the TeV scale will be explored, which is connected to physics of electroweak symmetry breaking. Role of the flavor physics will be redefined in term of new findings. Current data on the flavor physics are consistent with the SM, but there are still a large room for new physics effects in terms of model-independent constraints. In order to distinguish different models we need to explore various flavor processes. The Origin of small neutrino masses are still a mystery. Pattern of LFV depends on the model of neutrino mass generation.