Synaptic Transmission

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Presentation transcript:

Synaptic Transmission Lesson 11

Synaptic Events Action Potential reaches axon terminal Chemical substance released Neurotransmitter (NT) Diffuses across synapse Binds to receptor protein EPSP or IPSP ~

Synaptic Transmission Model 1. Precursor transport 2. NT synthesis 3. Storage 4. Release 5. Activation 6. Termination ~

Postsynaptic Membrane Presynaptic Axon Terminal Terminal Button Dendritic Spine

1. Precursor Transport

1. Precursor Transport

2. Synthesis Enzymes & cofactors ~ E

3. Storage E

3. Storage In vesicles Terminal Button Dendritic Spine Synapse

4. Release via exocytosis diffusion Ca++

4. Release via exocytosis diffusion AP Synapse Ca++

4. Release via exocytosis diffusion Ca++

Exocytosis: Membrane Fusion Ca2+ influx Ca2+ -Calmodulin synapsin SNAPs soluble-NSF-attachment proteins Cell membrane SNAREs SNAP receptors Vesicle & cell membrane~ NSF = NEM sensitive fusion protein it is an ATPase

5. Activation NT binds to receptor

Activation NT binds to postsynaptic receptor opens ion channel EPSP Na+ into cell or IPSP K+ out of cell ~

6. Termination 4 basic methods

6. Termination diffusion

6. Termination Enzymatic degradation

6. Termination Presynaptic reuptake active transport

6. Termination autoreceptors A

Autoreceptors On presynaptic terminal Binds NT same as postsynaptic receptors different receptor subtype Decreases NT release & synthesis ~

Termination Must have discrete signal What if ion channels continually open? ions move toward equilibrium membrane no longer polarized no EPSPs or IPSPs Disrupts neural communication Termination  neuron repolarizes ~

Axoaxonic Synapses Modulation of NT release Presynaptic Facilitation Increases NT release Presynaptic Inhibition decreases NT release Via modulation of Em Ca2+, K+, and Cl- ~