TREMTI 2005 ___ LIME TREATMENT FEED BACK ______ Daniel PUIATTI Daniel.puiatti@lhoist.com

Synopsis Part 1 : Lime Treatment Durability Part 2 : Diversity of Application Part 3 : Technological Improvements Part 4 : New Lime Based Products Part 5 : Codification

Part 1 : Lime Treatment Durability C022 : INFLUENCE OF CURING TIME, PERCOLATION AND TEMPERATURE ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF A LOAM TREATED WITH LIME R. De Bel et al. (Belgium) Durability of Lime treatment. Positive effect of time and temperature. Curing time before percolation is benefical. After percolation, remaining Ca++ and pH still allows pozzolanic reactions to go on.

Part 1 : Lime Treatment Durability C117 : INFLUENCE OF WATER SATURATION ON THE GEOTECHNICAL BEHAVIOUR OF A LIME TREATED SILT Pr. J. Maertens et al. (Belgium) Performance increase after saturation No clear correlation with level of compaction Water contents slightly above OMC is beneficial

Part 1 : Lime Treatment Durability C184 : THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC CONTENT ON LIME TREATMENT OF HIGHLY EXPANSIVE CLAY Dr. Th. M. PETRY et al. (Missouri - USA) Lime can modify organic soils (2 to 6% peat). Lime reduces the swell of clayey organic soils. Organic soils need more lime than non organic soils.

Part 1 : Lime Treatment Durability C122 : FROST SUSCEPTIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF LIME TREATED SOILS A. C. LOTTMANN (Germany) Durability of lime treatment proven on 30 roads. Lime treatment modifies a highly frost susceptible soil (class F3) into a less frost susceptible soil (class F2) if : Lime > 3% Suitable soils Professional works ! Thereby the required frost-resistant thickness of the pavement structure can be minimized.

Part 1 : Lime Treatment Durability C076 : LIME TREATMENT OF EXCAVATED SOILS: STOCKABILITY OF A LIME TREATED SILT Q.Bollens (Belgium) Gradual and substantial improvement Slight recarbonation (10-15 cm) on the surface protects the stock

Part 2 : Diversity of Applications C036 : REVISITING BRAZILIAN STATE ROAD 377 - A WELL SUCCEEDED CASE OF LIME STABILIZED ROAD BASE Pr. W. P. Núñez et al. (Brasil) Lateritic soils are improved by lime stabilization (pozzolanic reaction) Lime : 3% to 5% Lime stabilized bases increase the fatigue life of HMA wearing courses and protect the subgrade against rutting

Part 2 : Diversity of Applications C102 : USE OF VERY HIGH PLASTIC CLAYEY MATERIALS IN FILL CONSTRUCTION (42<PI<59) V. Berche et al. (France) High plastic soils can be treated with lime Good performance (Ev2 > 50 MPa) can be obtained with 2 to 3% of lime

Part 2 : Diversity of Applications C023 : RECYCLING OF MATERIALS FROM URBAN TRENCHES AFTER TREATMENT A.Quibel et al. (France) Material from trench (silt) treated with lime (2%) Possible re-use in trenches, directly under pavements layers, Compaction : Thickness of the layers : 20cm

Part 2 : Diversity of Applications C061 : LABORATORY AND IN SITU EVALUATION OF STABILISATION OF LIMESTONE AGGREGATES USING LIME D.Puiatti et al. (France) 1000 3000 5000 7000 9000 100 200 300 400 Curing time (days) Modulus (MPa) Lime (1%) improves performance of soft limestone Results confirmed by experimental pavement : E : 1400 to 3000 MPa after 1 year Good behaviour after 9 years

Part 2 : Diversity of Applications C103 : ROAD RECLAIMING AND WIDENING. IMPROVEMENT OF ROAD LOAD CAPACITY Pr. M.Iwanski et al. (Poland) Lime treatment (5%) of the shoulder (clayey sand) as a subgrade for a road widening Performance immediately after treatment: Ev2 > 52MPa

Part 2 : Diversity of Applications C094 : RESTORATION OF RAILWAYS IN PORTUGAL M.Marques et al. (Portugal) Embankment Limestone 0/40mm 15 cm 20 cm 60 Mpa 80 Mpa 120 Mpa ballast Lime Treated capping layer (2%) 35 cm Under ballast 0/31,5mm

Part 2 : Diversity of Applications C026 : PERFORMANCE OF LIME IMPROVED RAILWAY SUBGRADE AFTER 5 YEARS IN SERVICE V.Herle (Czech republic) Lime treatment of heterogeneous silty clay soil with rock fragments is possible. The lime-treated soil has substantially improved its strength with time. Behaviour of lime treated soil in the railway subgrade was superior to the use of concrete panel slabs. Lime treatment is economic, environmentally friendly and fast.

Part 2 : Diversity of Applications C118 : The revalorisation of clay polluted aggregates treated with lime for use in rural and forest roads or subgrades F.Verhelst et al. (Belgium) Optimisation of the quarry management Durable Good economics Landscape friendly Simple technique Reduced maintenance

Part 3 : Technological Improvement C152 : IN SITU CRUSHING AND TREATMENT OF LIMESTONE FOR CAPPING LAYER D.Gandille et al. (France) C133 : EFFECTIVE MOISTURE CONTROL OF IN SITU SOIL TREATMENT G.Fondain et al. (France)

Part 3 : Technological Improvement C143 : IN SITU RECYCLING OF EARTH MOVING WASTE WITH « MOBILE WORKSHOP » V.Duclos et al. (France) C073 : USE OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE FIXED INSTALLATIONS TO STABILISE CAPPING LAYERS AND LOCAL PRODUCTS J.Bonvallet et al. (France)

Part 4 : New Lime based Products C139: INFUENCE OF A LIME WITH A REDUCED DUST EMISSION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL TREATMENT IN CIVIL ENGINEERING A.Laudet et al. (Belgium) C181 : ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY IN SOIL TREATMENT - RN286 IN PARIS AREA - USE OF PRODUCTS WITH REDUCED DUST EMISSION D.Puiatti et al. (France) Economical and safe Respect the environment Respect the neighbourhood Better conditions for the workers

Part 4 : New Lime based Products C093: INJECTION OF MILK OF LIME FOR SOIL TREATMENT C.Joly et al. (France) Milk of Lime (or lime slurry) for the treatment of dry soils. The Injector enables injection, down to 70cm, of the exact quantity of slurry, without any streaming at the surface of the layer. Injection capacity : up to 90 l/m2

Part 5 : Codification C057 : BELGIAN CODE OF GOOD PRACTICE FOR SOIL TREATMENT WITH LIME AND / OR CEMENT J.Detry & al. (Belgium) C104 : THE FRENCH TECHNICAL GUIDE FOR THE TREATMENT OF SOILS WITH LIME AND/OR CEMENT APPLICATION TO THE PAVEMENT LAYERS JC.Auriol et al. (France) C147 : EN14227 PARTS 10-14 - THE EUROPEAN STANDARD FOR HYDRAULICALLY TREATED SOILS J.Kennedy (United Kingdom)

Part 5 : Codification C170 : SOIL IMPROVEMENT WITH HIGHER DEMANDS IN GERMAN GUIDELINES J. Blosfeld (Germany) Transformation of a F3-soil into a F2-soil reduces the thickness of frost resistance road pavement by 10cm ! 3% minimum binder content 70 MN/m² minimum deformation modulus immediately after placement Lime treatment must be finished at the latest 2 months before frost period