Actinopterygian Relationships III Biology of Fishes

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Presentation transcript:

Actinopterygian Relationships III Biology of Fishes 10.4.2012

Overview Review (Actinopterygian Relationships II) Actinopterygian Relationships III : Acanthopterygii Exam I Review

Actinopterygian Relationships III Holostei (gars, bowfins) Teleostei (teleosts “modern fishes”) - Elopomorpha (eels, tarpons, relatives) - Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues) -Clupeomorpha (herrings, shad, relatives) -Ostariophysi (minnows, catfishes, characins, relatives) -Protacanthopterygii Acanthomorpha -Paracanthopterygii -Acanthopterygii Teleostei Neoteleostei Euteleostei

Actinopterygian Relationships

Actinopterygian Relationships Neoteleostei Acanthomorpha (teleosts “modern fishes”) - Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes) - Acanthopterygii Acanthomorpha

Actinopterygian Relationships Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives) Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) - Mugilomorpha (mullets) - Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.) -Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)

Acanthopterygii

Actinopterygian Relationships Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) Most diverse group of bony fishes; ~15,000 species Two major synapomorphies Ascending process – dorsal extension of premaxilla Most highly developed pharyngeal dentition and function based on new muscle and bone attachments Ctenoid scales Physoclistous gas bladder 2 dorsal fins (1 spiny-rayed, 1 soft-rayed) Pelvic and anal fin spines Pelvic fins forward, pectoral fins laterally positioned

Acanthopterygii

Actinopterygian Relationships Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) Most advanced fishes, dominate shallow productive habitats of marine and many freshwater environments Controversial phylogeny (follow Nelson 2006)

Actinopterygian Relationships Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives) Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) - Mugilomorpha (mullets) - Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers, and rel.) -Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)

Mugilomorpha

Actinopterygian Relationships Mugilomorpha (mullets) Nearshore, catadromous; ~80 species “primitive” acanthopterygians (cycloid or intermediate cycloid-ctenoid scales); no pelvic girdle attachment Detritivores, feed on organic silt Important food fish

Actinopterygian Relationships Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives) Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) - Mugilomorpha (mullets) - Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.) -Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)

Atherinomorpha

Actinopterygian Relationships Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and relatives) Surface-dwellers, marine and freshwater, ~1500 species Unique protruding upper jaw, superior mouths Internal fertilization and live-bearing in many species Some unisexual (all female) species

Atherinomorpha

Actinopterygian Relationships Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives) Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) - Mugilomorpha (mullets) - Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.) -Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)

Actinopterygian Relationships

Actinopterygian Relationships Percomorpha (“perch-shaped” fishes) Most advanced clade of fishes ~13,000 species; primarily marine, many successful freshwater Primary synapomorphy is anteriorly placed pelvic girdle attached to pectoral girdle directly or via ligament Pelvic fin with anterior spine and 5 soft rays (typically)

Percomorpha (basal groups) Stephanoberyciformes (whalefishes) Beryciformes (squirrelfishes) Zeiformes (dories) Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks, seahorses) Synbranchiformes (swamp eels) Scorpaeniformes (scorpionfishes, sculpins, relatives)

Percomorpha (advanced groups) Perciformes (perch-like fishes) Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes) Tetraodontiformes (puffers, triggerfishes, relatives)

Percomorpha

Percomorpha (basal groups) whalefishes dories squirrelfishes swamp eels seahorses, sticklebacks scorpionfishes, sculpins

Percomorpha (advanced groups) Perciformes Pleuronectiformes Tetraodontiformes

Exam I Review Exam Format (multiple choice, short answer, short essay) Phylogenetic Relationships Terms (monophyletic, synapomorphy, catadromous) Examples of major concepts, relationships & groups “salmon are anadromous…” “two major factors that have contributed to the success of teleosts” “mobile maxilla is important because…” Journal Articles

Exam I Review Phylogeny Group Project topics due Thursday 10.11.2012 Complete Craniate Phylogeny Know common and scientific names* Start at Hagfishes (Myxiniformes*) End at Percomorpha* (Perch-shaped fishes) Know some examples of component groups Group Project topics due Thursday 10.11.2012

Complete Phylogeny CRANIATES Chondrichthyes Sarcopterygii Vertebrates Osteichthyes Actinopterygii

Complete Phylogeny Hagfishes Vertebrates Lampreys Gnathostomes (possess jaws) - Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) - Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Complete Phylogeny Sarcopterygii (lobe fins) Actinopterygii (ray fins) - Cladistia (bichirs, reedfish) - Chondrostei (sturgeons, paddlefishes) -Holostei (gars, bowfins) -Teleostei (teleosts, “modern fishes”)

Complete Phylogeny Holostei (gars, bowfins) Teleostei (teleosts “modern fishes”) - Elopomorpha (eels, tarpons, relatives) - Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues) -Clupeomorpha (herrings, shad, relatives) -Ostariophysi (minnows, catfishes, characins, relatives) -Protacanthopterygii Acanthomorpha -Paracanthopterygii -Acanthopterygii Teleostei Neoteleostei Euteleostei

Complete Phylogeny Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives) Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) - Mugilomorpha (mullets) - Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.) -Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)