Warm Up 1 DNA is made up of Amino acids c. nucleotides

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Warm Up 1 DNA is made up of Amino acids c. nucleotides Lipids d. carbohydrates 2. Genes are located in Chromosomes c. genetic material DNA d. all the above 3. During this process, genes are segregated & gametes are produced. Mitosis c. fertilization Meiosis d. reproduction

4. Guess about how many % of your DNA is exactly the same as the person next to you. How many % between you and cabbage?

12.1 Scientists

Review Gregor Mendel 1800’s Genes control the structure/function of an organism

Objective Scientists wanted to know… How did scientists discover the relationship between genes & DNA? Scientists wanted to know… What is the structure of genes?

How did bacteria make people sick? Griffith 1928

one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria Transformation

Griffith Some factor was transferred from the heat-killed cells into the live cells. That factor, he hypothesized might contain info that could change harmless bacteria into disease-causing one. Maybe it’s a gene…

What is transformation?

What caused transformation? Avery 1944

enzymes that killed proteins, lipids, carbohydrates= YES transformation enzymes that killed DNA= NO transformation DNA is the nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation to the next

Avery discovered that _________ causes transformation

Hershey & Chase 1952 Bacteriophage- virus that infects and kills bacteria Sulfur= protein Phosphorous= DNA

Hershey-Chase

Bacteriophage with radioactive DNA infects bacteria= YES radioactivity in bacteria PROTEIN= NO radioactivity in bacteria Genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA

Hershey-Chase discovered that genetic material was in _________.