MUSICAL ELEMENTS RHYTHM & MELODY

TREBLE CLEF

BASS CLEF

RHYTHM VALUES Whole 4 beats Half 2 beats Quarter 1 beat Eighth ½ beat Sixteenth ¼ beat

RHYTHM VALUES Whole 4 beats 8 Half 2 4 1 Eighth 1/2 Six- teenth 1/4 Quarter 1 Eighth 1/2 Six- teenth 1/4

Transpose To move a melody higher or lower If the melody moves by an octave then all letter names stay the same. OCTAVE – 8 letters higher or lower ex.- A- A Bb – Bb G#- G#

RHYTHM VALUES A DOT after a note or rest extends its value by half.

RHYTHM VALUES A TIE is a curved line that joins 2 or more notes on the same line or space. The note is played once and is held for the combined value of all.

RHYTHM VALUES A SLUR is a curved line joining 2 or more notes on different lines or spaces. This indicates that the notes are to be played smoothly.

ACCIDENTALS SHARP (#) raises a note slightly to the right, usually played as a black note FLAT (b) lowers a note slightly to the left, usually played as a black note Natural ( )erases the effect of the sharp or flat All accidentals are placed before the note on the same line or space.

Draw the symbol directly before the note to which it applies.

TRANSPOSITION - rewrite a melody so that it sounds higher or lower - the direction or shape of the melody always remains the same - transposing by an octave is the easiest as the letter names remain the same OCTAVE – a distance of 8 letter names - the same note name higher/lower

TRANSPOSING BY OCTAVES

Naming Ledger Lines To identify notes above the staff (treble or bass) continue in alphabetical order, including lines and spaces

Naming Ledger Lines To identify notes below the staff, count backwards in the alphabet, including lines and spaces

Ledger Line Notes