Influence of religion and trade on East Africa By Jakub, Mehak, Amy, Jash, Edgar

Do Now: How can trade and religion affect an empire? Aim: What influence did religion and trade have on the development of east Africa? Do Now: How can trade and religion affect an empire?

Objectives Explain how religion influenced the development of Axum and Ehtiopia Understand how trade affected the city- states in East Africa. Describe the economy of Great Zimbabwe.

Everything written in orange is notes. Slideshow Key Everything written in orange is notes.

Vocabulary Kingdom – A country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen. Bantu – A grouping of more than 500 languages of Africa. Swahili – A Bantu language and the first language of the Swahili people. Geez – A language created from the combination of African, Jewish, and Middle Eastern cultures. Ethiopia – Officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the horn of Africa.

The Axum Kingdom Also known as the Axum Empire Existed from 100 – 940 AD Powerful kingdom located in northern present-day Ethiopia. Strategic location for trade: Port of Adulis on the Red Sea Upland capital city of Axum Commanded a triangular trade network Language: Geez

Axum Kingdom

Triangular Trade Network Lasted from around 200BC – 400AD Connected Africa to India using the Arabian Sea to the Mediterranean world. Traded Items: Africa: Ivory, animal hides, gold India + Areas Around: Iron, spices, precious stones, cotton cloth Europe + Countries along Mediterranean: Linen cloth, brass, copper, iron tools, wine, and olive oil

Triangular Trade Network By analyzing this map, hypothesize how successful Triangular Trade Network

Effects of Trade on East Africa Trade helped rulers build strong city states For example, the city-state Kilwa was described as one of the most beautiful and well- constructed towns in the world at the time. Made Axum wealthy Allowed for the spread of ideas Led to the creation of a new culture and language known as Swahili.

Spread of Christianity In the centers of international trade, merchants interacted with each other, spreading ideas. Greek, Egyptian, Arab, and Jewish merchants interacted with traders from Africa, India, and other regions. Axum’s great king Ezana made Axum’s religion Christianity in the 300s. As the religion took over, Christian churches replaced older temples. Christianity also spread east through Iran, Mesopotamia, and India.

Effects of Christianity Predict why it led to isolation and the downfall. Effects of Christianity Christianity strengthened ties between Axum, North Africa, and the Mediterranean world. Unified the many diverse ethnic groups and the people of the Axumite kingdom. Led to isolation and downfall of Axum…

Spread of Islam And downfall of Axum In the 600s, Islam began spreading across Africa. Rulers embraced the new faith and created strong ties with the continent. Axum stayed Christian, isolating it from the rest of the continent and it’s trade network. Let to civil war and economic decline, leading to slow decline of the kingdom. As Axum declined, commercial cities, such as Kilwa, Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Sofala, gradually arose

Ethiopia Axum faded, but its culture did not. Its legacy survived in medieval Ethiopia. Kept the Geez language Stayed Christian King Lalibela came to power in early 1200s. He directed the building of Christian churches carved into solid rock. Unique culture

King Lalibela Ask: Describe what you see in this picture. Christian crown; gold = rich; church behind him.

Great Zimbabwe Lasted from 900 – 1500 AD Not much is known Built by Bantu-speaking people. Was part of a trade network that reached across the Indian Ocean to China. Contained skilled artisans. Created large walls and palaces. Had a great economy due to gold mines and commercial links with nearby coastal cities such as Sofala. Probably declined due to too high population and civil war.

Turn and talk Develop a logical argument on whether the triangular trade netwwor was beneficial to the Axum Kingdom.

Activity JEOPARDY! https://www.superteachertools.net/jeopardyx/jeopardy-review-game.php?gamefile=1429169032

Jeopardy Questions Topic 1: Axum/Ethiopia/Great Zimbabwe 1- Why was the Axum kingdom so successful? - It had a strategic location for trade. 2- What was the language of Axum and Ethiopia? - Geez. 3- What year did the Axum Kingdom collapse? – 940 AD 4- What is one reason why Great Zimbabwe's economy was so great? - Great Zimbabwe had a great economy because of their gold mines and commercial links. 5- What are the two predicted reasons for Great Zimbabwe's decline? - Overpopulation and civil war. Topic 2: Trade 1- What kingdom controlled the triangular trade network? - The Axum Kingdom. 2- What countries/areas did the triangular trade network connect? - It connected Africa, India, and the Mediterranean world. 3- Name one item traded by Africa. - Ivory, animal hides, or gold. 4- Name two items traded by Europe. - Linen cloth, brass, copper, iron tools, wine, and olive oil. 5- Around how long did the triangular trade network last? - Around 600 years. Topic 3: Religion 1- What was the religion of Axum and Ethiopia? - Christianity 2- What caused the cause for the spread of Christianity? - Interraction between merchants. 3- Who converted Axum into Christianity? - King Ezana. 4- Around when did Islam begin spreading across Africa? - In around the 600s. 5- Around when was Axum converted into Christianity? - In around the 300s. Topic 4: Geography 1- Where was the Axum kingdom located? - The Axum Kingdom was located in northern present-day Ethiopia. 2- What was the sea right by Adulis? - The Red Sea. 3- Which society had a trade network which connected to China? - Great Zimbabwe. 4- What sea was used to connect Africa to India? - The Arabian Sea. 5- What were the two Axum's main strategic locations for trade? - The port of Adulis on the Red Sea and upland capital city of Axum. Topic 5: Effects 1- What was the effect of Islam on Africa? - It created strong ties with most of the continent. 2- What was the effect of the interraction between merchants? - The spread of ideas/Christianity. 3- What was the effect of trade on Axum and the different city-states? - It made them wealthy and allowed for development. 4- What happened after the downfall of Axum? - Axum kingdom faded, but its culture survived in medieval Ethiopia. 5- What was the effect of Christianity on Axum? - At first, it unified and strengthened Axum and surrounding areas, then led to isolation and downfall. Final Question – When did King Lalibela come to power and what did he direct to do? - Kind Lalibela came to power in the early 1200s and directed the building of Christian churches carved into solid rock. -

Exit Slip and Homework EXIT SLIP How did religion influence the development of Axum and Ethiopia? How did trade affect the city-states in East Africa? How was the economy of Great Zimbabwe? HOMEWORK In 3 sentences or more, summarize today’s lesson. Due Monday.