Intro to First Aid and CPR

Providing First Aid Immediate care given to the victim of an accident or illness to minimize the effect of injury or illness until experts can take over

First Steps Recognize that an emergency exists Use all senses to detect problems Sometimes signs of emergency are obvious and at other times they are less obvious

Next Steps Check the scene and make sure it is safe to approach What to observe If not safe, call for medical help If safe, approach the victim Call emergency medical services (EMS) as soon as possible

Next Steps (continue) If possible, obtain the victim’s permission before providing any care Check for other injuries Obtain as much information as possible before you proceed

What is CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): Cardio: the heart Pulmonary: the lungs Resuscitation: to remove from apparent death or unconsciousness When performing CPR, you breathe for the patient and circulate blood

Why CPR Purpose: keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital body organs Performed until the heart and lungs start working again or until medical help is available

ABCDs of CPR ABCDs of CPR A stands for airway B stands for breathing C stands for circulation D stands for defibrillation- bringing heart pulse back to normal

What are the basic techniques for administering CPR? It is a first-aid technique to keep victims alive and prevent brain damage while medical help is on the way. A. Cardiac arrest is the lack of an effective heartbeat that quickly causes body-wide circulatory failure. Cardiac arrest is an extreme medical emergency. B. Respiratory arrest is closely associated with cardiac arrest and occurs when breathing slows or stops from any cause; also called apnea.

Performing CPR Evaluate victim’s condition before starting CPR: Step 1: Call 911 Step 2: Check if patient is conscious (by shaking or talking) Step 3: Tilt the head, lift the chin, and check breathing. Check the airway by tilting the head back and lifting the chin. Step 4: If not breathing give two breaths

Head tilt/Chin lift a. Head tilt: Place one hand over the forehead and apply firm, backward pressure to tilt the head back. b. Chin lift: Place the fingers of the other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw near the chin to bring the chin forward.

Performing CPR Step 5: Position hands in the center of the chest. Step 6: Firmly push down 2 inches on the chest 30 times. Continue with 2 breaths and 30 pumps until medical help arrives.

CPR for infants, children, and adults Types of CPR CPR for infants, children, and adults 1. Adult and child CPR is 30:2 compressions to ventilations. 2. Infant CPR remains 30:2 compressions to ventilations when there is only one rescuer. The depth of compressions is different for infants, children, and adults. 1. Adult or child: Compress the chest 2 inches. 2. Infant: Compress the chest one-third to one-half of its depth. Ventilations during CPR 1. Adult or child: Ventilations must make the chest rise and fall visibly. 2. Infant: An infant’s lungs need only a puff of air, not a full breath.

Summary of Performing CPR Look for chest movement Listen for breathing Feel for movement of air from the nose or mouth If not breathing, give two breaths Make sure breaths are effective Then check the carotid pulse

What are the steps in administering CPR What are the steps in administering CPR? What are the steps in removing an FBAO to prevent choking? C. An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a small machine that attaches to a victim’s chest, analyzes the victim, and delivers electric shocks externally to stop the arrhythmia and reestablish an effective heart rhythm.