1/13 Daily Catalyst Pg. 1 Science as a process Paper Airplane Explore Activity DIRECTIONS: Obtain a piece of paper from the center of your table and make a paper airplane. Do NOT fly the airplane until instructed to do so.

1/13 Daily Catalyst Pg. 1 Science as a process Directions: Everyone up and over to right side of the room to fly our paper airplanes! Watch your paper airplane as it flies. Be ready to describe the flight of your plane. Do not pick up your plane yet! Back to your assigned seat!

1/13 class Business Parent Night 1/13 (TONIGHT) Quiz #1 make-up today at lunch Diagnostic test make up Quiz #2 on Friday Scientific method and reading charts and graphs Parent Night 1/13 (TONIGHT) 4-6 pm in the Cafeteria Extra credit for attending Chris R.

Remind 101

Class Website www.irelandbhsbio.weebly.com

1/13 Agenda Brain Teaser Class Business Scientific method notes Science as a process w.s. work time E.T. Track data

Daily Catalyst Review What did we do when we flew our planes? (scientific term!) An experiment How do we know whose paper airplane was “the best”? We don’t really. We didn’t set up any guidelines for how to make the planes, where to stand when we flew them, etc. We did not have a clear question, hypothesis or any procedures! What might we want to measure about our planes? Flight time, distance, straight-line travel, etc.

Daily Catalyst Review Ok so we want to measure flight distance… Is it fair to compare a plane made with notebook paper to a plane made with construction paper? No! What did we change about our planes and what did we keep the same? We changed the type of paper, size of paper, and design of airplane We all flew our planes at the same time and from the same side of the class.

Daily Catalyst Review And finally, what might we be interested in comparing about our planes? Design; how they are folded. What do we call the variable that we change on purpose in an experiment, like the design of our paper airplane? Independent Variable If we were to repeat this experiment, what would we change or keep the same?

1/13 Objectives Scientists will be able to (1) classify a hypothesis as valid or invalid (2) distinguish between dependent, independent and controlled variables; (3) classify a variable as qualitative or quantitative.

Recap OBSERVATION QUESTION HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis The hypothesis is your prediction of the answer to the scientific question (step 2). BE testable and measureable Key Point #5: Hypotheses must relate the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV) as a cause-effect.

Hypothesis Key Point #6: Make a specific prediction Examples: Clear detail Key Point #6: Make a specific prediction For example: X will increase or decrease Y not just “X will affect Y” Examples: If acid rain occurs, then plants will die VS If acid rain occurs for 10 months out of the year, then the taller exposed trees will more likely die.

Hypothesis Scientists will be able to (1) Classify a hypothesis as valid or invalid Key Point #7: Valid: true, fair, supported by data If a hypothesis satisfies the required criteria (measurable, relates IV and DV, and specific), we say that it is valid.

1. Toyota is the best brand of car. Is this a valid hypothesis? Yes, it is valid No, because it is not measurable No, because it doesn’t have clear variables No, because it is not Specific No, because of B, C and D are all true B. “Not Measurable” - no obvious number or value for best C. Doesn’t have IV and DV explicitly stated D. Not specific – what about Toyota makes it a good car?

VARIABLES 1/13 Pg. 2 VARIABLES

Variables Why do we use the “If…then” formula? cause and effect relationships The cause and effects are known as variables Key Point #1: Variables are measurable things that can change Independent and dependent variables

If I drink red bull, then I will stay up longer. For example: If I drink red bull, then I will stay up longer. IF _____________________, THEN ______________________. INDEPDENT VARIBALE DEPENDENT VARIABLE EFFECT CAUSE

Independent Variable Independent= I CHOOSE to CHANGE!!!! Key Point #2: The Independent Variable (IV) is the variable that scientists purposefully change. Manipulated variable Independent= I CHOOSE to CHANGE!!!!

Dependent Variable Dependent on= Independent Variable Key Point #3: The Dependent Variable (DV) is the variable that changes because the IV changes. It is not controlled by the scientist. The effect of manipulation Dependent on= Independent Variable

Control Variable Key Point #4: Control Variables (CV) are other variables that scientists keep constant Not a variable of interest Back to paper airplane Turn and talk with your table group about the variables in the paper airplane experiment from the beginning of class.

Variables/data are either qualitative or quantitative Examples of variables Time Temperature Length Population Color Type / brand Groups i.e. one group that took a medicine (cases) and one that did NOT (controls) Variables/data are either qualitative or quantitative

Quantitative vs. Qualitative Variables Described by a Examples Time Weight Population size Length Color Type (brand of soap, type of dog) Groups (one group that took a medicine = cases and one that did NOT = controls) number category or type

Class Practice I will give you the problem/question and the variable. Determine if the variable is the independent variable or dependent variable.

Let’s try… Problem: Do record sales increase when Drake is featured on a song?

If Drake is on the record then record sales will increase. The variable Number of records sold Dependent Variable If Drake is on the record then record sales will increase. Write the hypothesis for this situation

Problem: Does fertilizer affect plant height? Example #2 Problem: Does fertilizer affect plant height?

Addition of fertilizer Variable Addition of fertilizer Independent Variable If I add fertilizer, then the plants will grow taller.

Example #3 Problem: Does injecting patients suffering from Ebola with antibodies from Ebola survivors cure current Ebola patients?

Injecting Ebola patients with Ebola antibodies Variable Injecting Ebola patients with Ebola antibodies Independent Variable If we inject patients with antibodies, then Ebola patients will be cured.

If I eat 1 banana per day then my cholesterol will decrease more than 1 apple per day. Is this a valid hypothesis? Valid Not Measurable Doesn’t have IV and DV Not Specific A. “Valid” Cholesterol is measureable. It is specific – has comparative words reduce and more IV = fruit type, banana or apple DV = cholesterol

Quantitative or Qualitative? Number of jumping jacks Quantitative Heart rate Color of a street sign Qualitative Brand of cell phone Weight of a dog Age of a person Distance Battery life

Lesson 1.2 Hypotheses & Variables + Binder + 1.1 ET / Quiz 1 Fri 1/9/2015 Example Question Mrs. Ireland placed water, sugar, and dry yeast in a water bottle and sealed it with a balloon. After a while, the balloon inflated, as shown in the picture. Mrs. Ireland gave her students a variety of common materials to design and conduct a controlled experiment exploring the production of gas by yeast. Which hypothesis is testable and would guide a controlled experiment? The gas that is produced by the yeast and contained in the balloon is carbon dioxide. Yeast grown with sugar die after producing gas, while yeast grown with flour continue living. An increased concentration of sugar in the water will cause yeast to produce larger amounts of gas. As the yeast begins to grow, bubbles and foam will begin to form before the balloon begins to inflate. C Medium level

Work Time Directions: Use the Biology II textbook to finish the science as a process worksheet. This completed worksheet is due TOMORROW! Time: 15 minutes Noise: 1 (with a partner)

Take 30 seconds To review Variables with A partner Next to you.

Exit Ticket #1 Directions: Silently and independently complete the exit ticket. Turn in the ET to the basket when you are finished. Your completed worksheet is due tomorrow. Noise: 0 (silent) Time: 5 minutes