From Birth till 10th Yr. of Hijrah By A.S. Hashim. MD Imam Ali (a.s.), Part I From Birth till 10th Yr. of Hijrah By A.S. Hashim. MD

Early life Ali is born inside the Ka'ba Ali is raised by Muhammad (pbuh) Ali the First Male to embrace Islam Youthful life in Mecca Prophet chooses Ali to be in his bed as he leaves Mecca to go to Medina

Lineage Ali Grandfather Abdul Mut’talib Father Abu Talib Grandmother Asad Mother Fatima

The Prophet about Ali

Highlights of early life The family plays and interacts Muhammad (pbuh) and Ali visit the poor and disadvantaged Muhammad (pbuh) and Ali comfort the sick Muhammad (pbuh) teaches Ali about conditions of the society

Asked to embrace Islam Ten year old Ali sees Muhammad (pbuh) and Khadija praying Ali is asked to accept Islam, and has an agitating night deciding  Ali embraces Islam the next morning, becoming the first male to embrace Islam Ali grew to manhood to be unique as none

Ali as designated by Muhammad as: At age 13 yrs To Declare Islam Publicly, Muhammad gives a Party to his Relatives Asking who would support him in his task? None volunteered except the 13 Yr old Ali Muhammad designates Ali Ali as designated by Muhammad as: the brother, the deputy, and the one to succeed him

At age 13 yrs فأيكم يؤازرني على هذا الأمر على أن يكون: أخي ووصيِّ Muhammad asked in the Party: “Who would then uphold me so that he becomes: My Brother, My Deputy, and the One to Succeed me?” فأيكم يؤازرني على هذا الأمر على أن يكون: أخي ووصيِّ وخليفتي فيكم؟

Ali witnesses the abuse to Muslims The degrading treatment dealt to Muslims by Quraish His brother, Ja’far, to leave to Abyssinia The 3 Yr boycott, leading to death of Khadija and Abu Talib The Aqaba agreement to leave Mecca

In the Prophet’s bed: age 23 yrs To leave Mecca, Muhammad asks Ali to be in his bed to fool the would-be assassins Ali glad to risk his life for Islam Ali returns Muhammad’s Trust to its owners Ali leaves Mecca to Medina on foot along with Fatima and others The ordeal took 2 weeks of walking

Ali welcomed by the Prophet The Prophet, waiting, welcomes Ali The Prophet very happy for Ali Insists on washing Ali’s swollen feet Feet of Ali were swollen from walking about 300 miles The family is safe in Medina

Muhammad takes Ali as brother During effecting Brotherhood between Ansaar and Muhajiroon in Medina Muhammad takes Ali as his brother The only two Muhajiroon were Muhammad and Ali as brothers Muhammad fulfills the 1st point about Ali : إنّ هذا أخي  ووصيّ  وخليفتي فيكم ،  فاسمعوا له وأطيعوا

First few years in Medina I Fatima marries the 24 Yr old Ali Ali's role in Badr Confrontation: Outstanding The focus and the hero The Prophet nick-names him: Lion of Allah أسد الله Al-Hasan is born after Badr Confrontation

At Badr: غزوة بدر The Battle of Badr, was fought March 17, 624 AD (17 Ramadan 2 AH in the Islamic calendar), Badr was a key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his opponents among the Quraish in Mecca. The battle was a decisive victory attributable to Divine intervention, or by secular sources to the genius of Muhammad. It is one of the few battles specifically mentioned in the Quran.

Location of Badr

The Site of Badr بَدْر Muslim Camp Angel’s site Enemy’s Passage

At Badr: غزوة بدر Prior to the battle, the Muslims and Meccans had fought: several smaller skirmishes in late 623 and early 624, the Muslim skirmishes had become more frequent. Badr, however was the first large-scale engagement between the two forces. Advancing to a strong defensive position, Muhammad's well-disciplined force broke the Meccan lines, killing several important Quraish leaders Including Muhammad's chief antagonist, Amr ibn Hisham (Abu Jahl).

Artist rendering of Badr

At Badr: غزوة بدر For the early Muslims: the battle was the first sign that they might eventually defeat their enemies in Mecca. Mecca at that time was one of the richest and most powerful cities in Arabia The Meccans fielded an army three times larger than that of the Muslims. The Muslim victory also signaled to other tribes that a new power had arisen in Arabia and strengthened Muhammad’s position as leader of the often fractious community in Medina.

Ali in Ohod لا فتى إلا علي ولا سيف إلا ذوالفقار Ali's in Ohod Confrontation: Kills nine of the enemy’s Flag Bearers Defends the person of the Prophet Repels four attacks to kill the Prophet The Prophet said: Yet for a Caliber as that of Ali, and Yet for a sword as that of Ali’s   لا فتى إلا علي  ولا سيف إلا ذوالفقار

The designated archers at Ohod

Disbelievers attack from behind Ohod

Site of the battle of Ohod

Ohod Battle: Artist Rendering

Ali after Ohod Life after Ohod: Very unsettling Frequent attempts against the Muslims Ali frequent participation in defense On the average one attempt every 3 weeks Al-Husain is Born, gives pleasure to the Prophet and the whole family

Ali's role in the Ditch encounter Ali helps digging the Ditch Amr ibn Abd Wid crosses the Ditch Amr, bragging, challenges the Muslims Ali takes the challenge Ali ducks all Amr’s attempts Exhausted, Amr falls to the ground Ali on top of Amr, Ali offers Amr Islam Amr spits in the face of Ali, Ali finishes him off Quraish psychology is shattered

Schematics of the trench

Ali in Khaybar Ali, 29 Yr old, was with swollen infected eyes Given the leadership Overwhelm Marhab, the Jewish Hero Severe fight, with Ali lifting a door for a shield The main Fort surrenders in defeat 7 more Jewish forts surrender in defeat

The site of Khaybar

Castle of Khaybar which Ali conquered

Site of the door of Khaybar, which Ali lifted as a shield

The ruins of Khaybar nowadays

Ali in Khaybar II لأُعطِينَّ هذه الرايةَ غداً رجُلاً At Khaybar, the Prophet said: Tomorrow I'll Give The Leadership To A Man Who Will Succeed By Allah's Will He Loves Allah And His Messenger And Likewise Allah And His Messenger Love Him لأُعطِينَّ هذه الرايةَ غداً رجُلاً يفتًح الله على يَدَيْه،     يُحبُّ اللهَ ورسُولَه ويُحِبُّه اللهُ ورسولُه

AHLUL BAYT: Surah 33: Ayah 33. "Verily, Allah has decreed to purify you, O' Ahlul Bayt, and sanctify you in a perfect way. إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا

Some Hadiths on behalf of Ali Ali is of me and I am of Ali, and none delivers of me except I and Ali     The love of Ali is faith, and detesting him is hypocrisy    عليٌ مِنّي وأنا مِنْ علي،   ولا يؤدي عنِّي إلاّ أنا وعلي  حُبُّ عليٍّ إيمانٌ،   وبُغْضُهُ نِفاقٌ

Hadiths on behalf of Ali Ali is in charge of every Mu'min, after me The one who profanes Ali, will have profaned me O' Ali, as the station of Aaron was to Moses, So are you to me, Except that no Prophet will be after me." عليٌ وليُ كلَّ مؤمنٍ من بعدي مَن سبَّ علياً فقد سبَّـني أنتَ مني بمَنْزلَةِ هارونَ مِنْ موسى إلاّ أنَّه لا نبيَّ مِنْ بعدي

Hadiths on behalf of Ali  أنتَ يا علي تُبيِّنُ لامَّـتي ما اختلفوا فيه من بعدي Oh Ali, you will clarify to my Ummah What they had differed in, after me أنا مدينة العِلْم  وعليٌّ بابها،  فمنْ أراد المدينه  فاليدخل مِنَ الباب I am the locality of enlightenment And Ali is its gateway He who wants to reach this locality Should come through this gateway

Mubaahala Christian Delegation Comes to Medina In Dialogue with Muhammad Discuss Religion and authenticity of Muhammad’s Call Quranic Revelation to challenge the Christians Challenge to incur the Wrath of God on the liars

Revelation says: Surah 3: Ayah 61. "THEN SAY: LET US CALL UPON OUR CHILDREN AND YOUR CHILDREN, OUR LADIES AND YOUR LADIES, OURSELVES AND YOURSELVES, THEN WE PRAY SO THAT ALLAH'S WRATH WILL BE UPON THOSE WHO TELL UNTRUTH"  فَمَنْ حَآجَّكَ فِيهِ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ فَقُلْ تَعَالَوْاْ نَدْعُ أَبْنَاءنَا وَأَبْنَاءكُمْ وَنِسَاءنَا وَنِسَاءكُمْ وَأَنفُسَنَا وأَنفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَل لَّعْنَةُ اللّهِ عَلَى الْكَاذِبِين

Mubaahala II For the Challenge, Prophet Muhammad chooses Ali to represent himself Thus the Prophet sees Ali as if to represent the very Self of Muhammad None of the multitude and great Sahaaba was chosen other than Ali This was one of the highest honors to Ali

Farewell Haj Multitude participated at the Farewell Each Yr afterwards 50,000 or more perform the Haj Nowadays, 2-3 Million perform the Haj They hail from all over the world

Ghadeer Khum Having finished the Farewell Haj Ali’s station being specified by the Prophet At Ghadeer Khum: A major highway intersection between Mecca and Medina People are gathered, being called back The Prophet addresses the massive crowd

Location of Ghadeer Khum

Ghadeer Khum Mid-way between Mecca and Medina: They stop at Ghadeer Khum. The Prophet had received a Revelation. Having received Ayah 67 of Surah5 saying: يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ وَإِن لَّمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ وَاللّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِنَّ اللّهَ لاَ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ O' Messenger! Declare what has been sent to you, And if you don't, Then you have not declared Allah's message [in full], And Allah will safeguard you from [injury by] people"

Ghadeer Khum Following the Haj, the Prophet and multitude of others were on their way home, including Abu Bakr and Omar. Juhfa was an intersection between Mecca and Medina Near Juhfa, at an oasis called Ghadeer Khum, the Prophet delivered a speech The Prophet stood on an elevation to be seen by the massive crowd He took Ali with him and raised his and Ali’s arms up He gave a long speech, the highlight was: Ali is Appointed as the Wali (in charge of the Ummah) after the Prophet

The Prophet’s Speech at Ghadeer Khum من كنت مولاه فهذا عليٌ مولاه اللهم وال من والاه وعاد من عاده وانصر من نصره واخذل من خذله وأدر الحق معه حيثما دار O' people, whosoever I am his leader, So is Ali to be his leader O' lord, uphold him who upholds Ali, And antagonize him who antagonizes Ali, And support him who supports Ali, And impede him who impedes Ali, And let the truth be with Ali wherever he goes

After the Speech in Ghadeer Khum  Omar came forward congratulating Ali:  بخٍّ بخٍّ لكَ يا علي،  أصبَحتَ مولايَ ومولى كُلّ مؤمنٍ ومؤمنه Congratulations, congratulations, O' Ali! You have become my leader And the leader of every believer, man or woman. Abu Bakr did likewise The multitude of others came to congratulate Ali before heading home

وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الإِسْلاَمَ دِينًا Ghadeer Khum When done, Ayah of Fulfillment was revealed, Allah said in Surah  5:  Ayah 3.  الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الإِسْلاَمَ دِينًا This day, I have perfected to you your faith, And completed my blessings upon you, And I have chosen for you Al‑Islam as Your religion

Ghadeer Khum Nowadays

Ghadeer Khum: Dried up

Dispersing from Ghadeer Khum

Some Hadiths about Ahlul Bayt I am leaving to you two precious matters,        By conforming to them You will never go astray: [they are] The book of Allah and My family, Ahlul Bayt The Prophet said to Ali: (O' Ali) You will fight against matters of Its misinterpretation (the Quran), Just as you had fought on the side of its disclosure."  إني تاركٌ فيكم الثقـلين، ما إنْ تَمَسَّــكتم بهما لَن تََضِلُّوا بعدي أبدا:   كتابُ الله وعِتْرَتي أهلَ بيتي سَوْف تقاتل على تأويله كما قاتلت على تنزيله

At the death bed of the Prophet At the sick bed of the Prophet: Omar was among those in the room.  Upon hearing that the Prophet had requested someone to write a Will for him, Omar hastily commanded: إنَّ النبي غلبه الوجع،  وعندنا كتاب الله حَسْبُنا Allah's Messenger is overwhelmed by his sickness: Suffice it we have Allah's book with us. The Prophet dismissed everyone from his room Thus a Will was effectively prevented

Death of the Prophet With the Death of the Prophet, Ali in Great Grief Ali prepares the body for burial Abu Bakr, along with Omar and others go to a meeting at Saqeefa Lots of argument take place at Saqifa Omar nominates Abu Bakr, and so Abu Bakr was chosen in this hustle and bustle Abu Bakr announces his Khilaafah in the Masjid

After the Prophet Ali hears (too late) that Abu Bakr was the Khalifa Ali thought Khilaafah was his according to Ghadeer Pronouncement of the Prophet Ali at first objected to Khilaafah of Abu Bakr along with many Sahaaba Fatima is prevented from her inheritance of Fadak Fatima argues in the Masjid and is in angry

Finally Let us Read Surah al-Asr Together

Thank you and May God Bless you. Be in Allah’s Care Thank you and May God Bless you. Dr. A.S. Hashim