Aim: What are the smallest parts of matter? Elements Chemistry Aim: What are the smallest parts of matter? Compounds Mixtures

ATOMS Atoms are the smallest parts and the building blocks of matter

What are the Parts of an atom? 1) PROTONS 2) NEUTRONS 3) ELECTRONS + -

Where are these parts found? + + + +

The positive protons and neutral neutrons are found in the center nucleus The negative electrons swirl around in energy levels outside of the nucleus

Where do you think the majority of an atom’s MASS can be found? The NUCLEUS, which contains the protons and the neutrons.

What do Atoms make up? Elements: All matter on Earth is made of an element or combination of elements. Elements are substances that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.

What happens when you try to break an atom down?

HELIUM (He) ATOM proton + N - + - N neutron electron

Let’s wrap it up! What are the smallest particles of matter? - Atoms are the smallest particles of matter 2) What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom? - Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons 3) What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? - Protons and Neutrons

Do Now How does Shoprite make it easy for me to find my Twinkies?

What are the organizational patterns of the Periodic Table of Elements?

Dmitri Mendeleev: Father of the Periodic Table Put elements in rows by increasing atomic weight. Put elements in columns by the way they reacted. I am so smart.

The Current Periodic Table Now the elements are put in rows by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER!! The horizontal rows are called periods and are labeled from 1 to 7. The vertical columns are called groups or families and are labeled from 1 to 18. Whoops!

What are periods? Periods are the rows that go across the periodic table All elements in the same period have the same number of energy levels Energy levels hold the electrons!

Groups on the periodic table Why do you think the elements in a group are also known as a family? They look alike, have similar properties, and react similarly.

Groups on the periodic table

Groups or families Similar physical properties Density Boiling Point/Melting Point Ability to conduct heat or electricity Similar chemical properties Ability to react with other elements. Radioactivity

Group #1 : The Alkali Metals They are the most reactive group on the periodic table

Group #18: Noble Gases They are the most stable They do not react with other elements They all conduct electricity, fluoresce, are odorless and colorless.

So….what happens to reactivity as you move from left to right on the table????? IT DECREASES!!!!!!!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oz8GpDVz5ag

Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids The periodic table has about 118 known elements 75 % of the chart are metals while the other 25 % are non-metal or metalloids Metals are found on the left side of the zig-zag stairstep while non metals are on the right of it

METALS Metals have the following properties Conduct heat and electricity They are shiny (metallic luster) They are malleable (can be shaped) They are ductile (can be drawn thin) All are solids at room temperature, except Mercury (Hg), which is liquid

Non-Metals Non-metals have the following properties They are poor conductors of electrical energy They are poor conductors of heat (thermal) energy Many of them are gases They are brittle (easily breakable) if they are solid They can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas

Metalloids Metalloids (metal-like) have properties of both metals and non-metals. They are solids that can be shiny or dull. They conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals. They are ductile and malleable. They are found along the “stair-step” line separating metals from nonmetals.