Matter, Subatomic Particles & Bonding

1. What is matter? Anything that occupies space and has mass Has to have both!!!

2. What is an element? Substances that can not be broken down into other substances

3. What is an atom? Smallest amount of an element by physically making it smaller

4. This is picture of a? Water molecule 5A. There are ____ hydrogen (H) atoms. 5B. There are _____ (O) oxygen atoms. 6. How do you write the formula? H2O

7. In the formula, where does the # of elements go? After the letter as a subscript H20 Why isn’t there a number after the O? Is water an element or compound or molecule? How do you know?

8. How are the oxygen and hydrogen held together? bonds All compounds are based upon different types of bonds! 

9. An atom What is the blue area called? nucleus The nucleus holds the? Protons and neutrons The outer circles are where what lives? electrons Compounds are made by bonding with electrons in the outer shell!!

10. Charges The protons have a positive charge P + The electrons have a negative charge e- The neutrons have no charge 0

11. Atomic # & atomic mass The atomic number is the # of electrons and protons Proton # never changes Electron # changes when bonding Mass # is equal to atomic # + # of neutrons

12. Isotopes These are All carbon How are they different? Mass # is different Different # of neutrons Radioactive How are isotopes used in our lives today? Bone scans

1. Why do chemicals bond? To make compounds A. How do they bond? (look at periodic table) Using electrons in the outer orbitals of an element or atom

Bonds Vs TV Bonds are the glue that hold 2 or more atoms together to make molecules which acts like a single distinct object. A TV is made of many parts. Would the TV work if you had the screen only??

2. How do you find the # of electrons available for bonding? Look at the top of each column The # represents the amount of electrons in the outer shell orbital

3. Where do you find the # of electrons in an element? On the top of the element A. How many electrons are there in the element? 11

4. Where do I find the # of electrons available for bonding?_____ On the top of the column A. How many electrons are available for bonding in Na? 1

5. The elements of the left side of the table are: Left are metals 6. Right are non-metals – mostly gases Column 8 = noble gases Why?

7. Bonding from left to right side is known as an Ionic bond From opposite sides of the periodic table One element is giving up electrons to the other

8. Right side bonds with right side is called: Covalent bonds From the right side of the periodic table One element is sharing electrons with the other

9. Is NaCl an ionic or covalent bond? Why? Opposite sides of the periodic table

10. Is CO2 an ionic or covalent bond? Why? Same side of the periodic table

“8” being the magic # except for Hydrogen and helium Look at the atomic # for hydrogen and helium – how many total electrons do they have? H, 1; He 2 Look at the picture How many electrons are in the 1st orbital? How many electrons are in the 2nd orbital?

11. Potassium “K” is in what column (Group/Family)? A. How many electrons are available for bonding? 1 B. By giving up just __ electron, it will be in its “happy” place.

12. Chlorine “Cl” is in what column? A. How many electrons are available for bonding? 7 B. By taking up just __ electron, it will be in its “happy” place

13. Carbon “C” is in what column? A. How many electrons are available for bonding? 4 B. By giving up or taking just sharing electrons, it will be in its “happy” place

14. One more type of bonding is called Hydrogen bonding Can form, break, or reform easily. Easily goes from gas to liquid to solid. A. What molecule does our body use that involves hydrogen bonding? water

15. Two sides to an equation to make a compound reactant products Law of Conservation of Mass Reactant and Products

16. Why do we care about atoms, electrons, and bonding in Biology? A. Why do we eat? To get energy B. How do we get the energy? Break down food to glucose – every cell in our body needs glucose

17. What are the most important elements to Biology? CHNOPS Carbon is in all living things (carbon backbone) H2O is in all living things Proteins have Nitrogen and sulfur Phosphorus is in phospholipids