Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry The chemistry of carbon compounds Sometimes called carbon chemistry

Organic Chemistry The backbone element in the molecules of all living things is carbon

Carbon Chemistry Carbon is one of the only elements that can form long chains Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds

Organic Chemistry Carbon forms covalent bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and the halogens

Carbon Bonding Carbon has 4 valence electrons which can hybridize in many ways

Carbon Bonding To determine the hybridization, draw the Lewis Dot Diagram of the carbon compound

Carbon Bonding sp3 4-single bonds sp2 2-single bonds & 1-double bond sp 2 doubles or T + S

Carbon Structures sp3 no p-orbitals sp2 1 p-orbital sp 2 p-orbitals

Carbon Bonds sp3 4 s bonds sp2 3 s & 1 p bonds sp 2 s & 2 p bonds

Carbon sp3 Shapes AX4 tetrahedral AX3E trigonal pyramidal AX2E2 v-shaped

Carbon sp2 Shapes AX3 trigonal planer AX2E v-shaped

Carbon sp Shape AX2 linear

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons Compounds whose molecular structures contain only carbon & hydrogen

Hydrocarbons CH4 C5H10 C3H8 C18H36 C6H6 CxH2y

Nomenclature Naming compounds Rules made by IUPAC International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry

Drill: Write a molecular formula for a typical hydrocarbon.

Nomenclature Prefix: Indicates # of carbons in the group Suffix: Indicates the type of organic compd

Organic Prefixes 1 = meth- 6 = hex- 2 = eth- 7 = hept- 3 = prop- 8 = oct- 4 = but- 9 = non- 5 = pent- 10 = dec-

Organic Suffixes -ane Sat hydrocarbon -ene DB hydrocarbon -yne TB hydrocarbon -ol Alcohol -one Ketone etc