English Origins of American Government Objective: Students will be able to identify the English origins of government

English Origins of American Government The Magna Carta (1215) King John is forced to sign by barons Included guarantees of such fundamental rights as trial by jury and due process of law Protection against absolute power Objective: Students will be able to identify the English origins of government

English Origins of American Government The Petition of Right (1628) King Charles I signed, by force of the Parliament Limited king’s power May not impose martial law Can not force quartering Punish only by laws of the land Questioned Divine Right Objective: Students will be able to identify the English origins of government

English Origins of American Government Parliament was a council of nobility created to advise the monarch. History of hostility between parliament and monarch. Parliament = House of Lords + House of Commons House of Lords- nobility House of Commons - wealthy and people of standing in community- knights, merchants, craftsmen. Objective: Students will be able to identify the English origins of government

English Origins of American Government The English Bill of Rights (1689) Signed by William and Mary of Orange during the Glorious Revolution Prohibited a standing army in peace time Required free parliamentary elections Objective: Students will be able to identify the English origins of government

John Locke, 1632-1704 Objective: Students will be able to identify the English origins of government

John Locke’s Natural Rights Philosophy Took Thomas Hobbes’ Social Contract Theory a step further: People have Natural Rights from birth, by nature of being human. Life, Liberty and Property are key rights. To preserve their rights, people contract to give power to government. When government fails to preserve these rights people have a duty to break the contract-consent of the governed. Objective: Students will be able to identify the English origins of government

John Locke’s Natural Rights Philosophy By contract, people surrender to the state the power needed to maintain the social order and the government agrees to protect its citizens. People need government to maintain social order because they haven’t found a way to live in groups without conflict. Objective: Students will be able to identify the English origins of government

Other Influences on Formation of U.S. Government Baron de Montesquieu-French philosopher 1748: Best form of government-one elected by the people. Power should be balanced among three groups-the separation of powers principle. Foundation for development of 3 branches of government. There is no liberty of law making and law enforcing powers are united in the same person. Objective: Students will be able to identify the English origins of government

Montesquieu (Cont.) He believed all people were not equal. Approved of slavery. Believed women were weaker than men and must obey their husband. Yet, he believed women could govern, i.e., be a Queen. Objective: Students will be able to identify the English origins of government

Judeo-Christian Tradition We see moral and ethical ideal from Judeo-Christian traditions in the formation of American government What does this mean? Objective: Students will be able to identify the English origins of government