Mechanical Force and Biomolecules Lecture 2: Overview of biomolecular structure.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Central Dogma of Genetics

Advertisements

Proteins & Nucleic Acids Images taken without permission from

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3. 2 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon.

Proteins. Proteins / Polypeptides The functional molecules of life.

1 Levels of Protein Structure Primary to Quaternary Structure.

Polypeptides – a quick review A protein is a polymer consisting of several amino acids (a polypeptide) Each protein has a unique 3-D shape or Conformation.

Macromolecules: proteins & nucleic acids Building Blocks of Life

LESSON 1-3: Biomacromolecules LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of these lessons, you should be able to: Describe the structure and function of lipids. Describe.

Condensation and Hydrolysis Condensation Two molecules combine Hydrolysis A molecule splits into two smaller ones.

Proteins (aka polypeptides)

Proteins and DNA Chapter 3.

Proteins  Organic compounds made of C, O, H, N and S  Building blocks – 20 different amino acids  Peptide and Polypeptides: Dehydration (Condensation)/

 All amino acids have a common structure, but differ in their R groups.  The asymmetric carbon must have the four attachments in a particular order.

Review of Biological Chemistry. Biologically Important Elements.

Chapter 15 Biochemistry. Energy of Life Sun energy is converted to chemical energy by plants 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Building energy molecules.

PROTEINS C, H, O, N, (S) Polymers made from chains of amino acids 20 amino acids used Linked by a peptide bond.

Now playing: Frank Sinatra “My Way” A large part of modern biology is understanding large molecules like Proteins A large part of modern biology is understanding.

Biomolecules Carbohydrates Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic acids.

Proteins & DNA. Amino Acids: the building blocks of Proteins.

NOTES: 2.3 part 2 Nucleic Acids & Proteins. So far, we’ve covered… the following MACROMOLECULES: ● CARBOHYDRATES… ● LIPIDS… Let’s review…

DNA. DNA RNA DNA Backbone Structure Alternate phosphate and sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate ester bonds.

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3. 2 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon.

Carbon Compounds Chapter 2 Section 3 Part 2. Objectives  Describe the unique qualities of carbon  Describe the structures and functions of each of the.

Amino Acids & Proteins The Molecules in Cells Ch 3.

Protein- Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure.

Levels of Protein Structure. Why is the structure of proteins (and the other organic nutrients) important to learn?

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3. 2 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon.

Levels of Protein Structure. Why is the structure of proteins (and the other organic nutrients) important to learn?

5.1 Identity and Roles of Amino Acids Contain an amine group – Primary amine group Contain carboxyl group – Referred to as the alpha carbon R group –

4.A.1 Biomolecules The subcomponents of biological molecules and their sequence determine the properties of that molecule.

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules. II. Classes of Organic Molecules: What are the four classes of organic molecules?

Organic Compounds (Cont.) Proteins and Nucleic Acids 05_02Polymers_A.swf 05_05Disaccharides_A.swf 05_07Polysaccharides_A.swf 05_11Fats_A.swf.

Unit 4.A 1 – Biomolecules.

Macromolecules “The molecules of life”

Nucleic Acids DNA & RNA.

Lecture 13 February 16, 2016 Biotech 3.

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells

Lecture 3 Proteins Proteins consist of amino-acids linked together in chains through peptide bonds. An amino acid consists of a carbon atom bound to.

3.11 Proteins are essential to the structures and activities of life

Biochemistry The Molecules of Life

Amino Acids Proteins, and Enzymes

Proteins The most important biochemicals in cells are proteins (enzymes) Protect organisms from disease Extract energy from food Move essential cellular.

Amino Acids and Proteins

Proteins Types Function/Example

Protein Structure FDSC400. Protein Functions Biological?Food?

Reminder-four classes of large biomolecules

Macromolecules.

Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells

3. Proteins Monomer = Amino acids Globular in shape Or Spherical.

PROTEINS Polymers (long chains) of AMINO ACIDS

Reminder-four main classes of large biomolecules

Chapter 3 Proteins.

Condensation vs. Hydrolysis

Reminder-we recognize four classes of large biomolecules

Chapter 24: Biochemistry

Protein Structure Chapter 14.

Organic Compounds Part 2.

Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells

Proteins Genetic information in DNA codes specifically for the production of proteins Cells have thousands of different proteins, each with a specific.

Organic Compounds (Cont.) Proteins and Nucleic Acids

Levels of Protein Structure

Organic Compounds.

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

“When you understand the amino acids,

Four Levels of Protein Structure

Biomolecules The Chemistry of Life.

Presentation transcript:

Mechanical Force and Biomolecules Lecture 2: Overview of biomolecular structure

Ribose vs. Deoxyribose Throughout: images from online version of “Biochemistry” by Berg, Tymoczko, and Stryer

Sugar phosphate backbone

Nucleic acids: bases DNA: A, G, T, C RNA: A, G, U, C

Watson-Crick Basepairing joins 2 chains Two chains with complementary sequences will basepair, and coil around each other to form a double helix

The double helix is anti-parallel and asymmetric

Double-helix is asymmetric (major and minor groove); each groove has unique pattern of H-bonding- permits bp-specific binding to grooves (e.g. by other N.A., protein)

Single-stranded nucleic acids can fold into complex structures This is a Ribozyme- an RNA structure that can act as an enzyme, and catalyze reactions

Proteins

Amino acids are chiral From Berg et al, Biochemistry (NCBI books website)

Peptide bonds link amine to carboxylate

Side chains Simple aliphatic: Glycine: R = Hydrogen Alanine: R = methyl Small, so not much h-phobic effect 2

Larger Aliphatic; Large h-phobic effect 6

Proline: also aliphatic, but not averse to H2O Cyclization makes poly-proline chains very rigid 7

Tyr: reactive hydroxyl Aromatic rings Tyr: reactive hydroxyl Trp and Tyr: strongly absorb UV light (commonly used to quantify protein concentration) 10

Hydrophilic due to hydroxyl group 12

Cysteine Sulfur can form covalent di-sulfide bonds; important for labelling! 13

Basic side chains: (+) charge, hydrophilic pK = 6.5 (His), 12.0 (arg), 10.0 (Lys) 16

Acidic 20

Large variety in physical properties of amino acids leads to a large variety of protein structures. Typically, these are classified in a hierarchy of: Primary = a.a. sequence Secondary = local folded structures Tertiary = Globular arrangement of chain Quaternary = Association of multiple chains

Secondary structure: Alpha helix (typically right-handed) Amine at position n H-bonds with CO at position n+4

Secondary: Beta sheet Anti-parallel Parallel

Tertiary structure: Arrangement of local motifs into compact, globular structure:

Quaternary structure: Arrangement of multiple chains into a multi-meric complex