Muscular System

Latin Root Words Latin Root Word Definition Sarco Muscle Myo Epi- Above Peri- Around Endo- Inside -Um Structure Fascia Band Mere Part Reticulum Net -ase Enzyme Synergy working together Agonist Prime mover Antagonist Working against

Tissue Review Primary purpose of Muscles? Movement

Tissue Review Smooth Skeletal Cardiac

The Muscles: Each muscle is an organ comprised of skeletal _________tissue, several ___________ tissue coverings, _______ tissue to cause it to contract, and ______ to nourish it. Muscle Connective Nervous Blood Example Question: Muscles are organs that are composed of what types of tissues?

Muscle Structure Quiz Word Bank: Blood Connective Muscle Nervous Muscles are organs that are made up of multiple tissues. The tissue that contracts and creates movement is the 1.___________ tissue. Surrounding the muscle are many different layers of 2._____________ tissue. 3. ___________ tissue sends electrical impulses to the muscles that tell them to contract. Finally, 4. _________ tissue supplies the muscle with the resources it needs to contract.

Connective Tissue Coverings: A muscle has several dense connective coverings. Layers of dense connective tissue, called ________, surround and separate each muscle. This connective tissue extends beyond the ends of the muscle and gives rise to cord like ________ that are fused to the periosteum of bones. Sometimes muscles are connected to each other by broad sheets of connective tissue called ____________________ Fascia Tendon aponeurosis

Aponeurosis

Connective Tissue Coverings: Under the outer layer another layer of connective tissue around each whole muscle is called the ___________________________ The ____________________________ surrounds individual bundles of muscle fibers called ___________ within each muscle Each muscles cell (fiber) is covered by a connective tissue layer called _______________________ epimysium (above the muscle) Perimysium (around the muscle) Fascicles Endomysium (inside the muscle)

Epimysium Bone Epimysium Perimysium Tendon Endomysium Fascicle Perimysium Endomysium Muscle Fiber Fascicle Perimysium

Skeletal Muscle Fibers Structure The muscle fiber membrane is called the ___________________ which contains the cytoplasm called _________________. Within the sarcoplasm are many parallel ____________________composed of smaller filaments called ____________________. These myofilaments are actually two types of filaments, a thicker filament composed of the protein _____________ and a thinner mostly made of the protein _____________. Sarcolemma sarcoplasm Myofibrils Thick and Thin Filaments myosin actin

Muscles are attached to bones by 5._________. The entire muscle is covered by a connective tissue called 6.___________. Directly underneath 6. is the 7. _________________. Muscles are composed of many 8._____________ which are wrapped in a connective tissue called the 9. _______________. Each 8. is made up of many 10.___________ that are wrapped up in the 11. ________________. A 10. is filled with many parallel running fibers called 12._____________. These 12 are composed of thick and thin fibers. The thick fibers are known as 13. _____________ and the thin fibers are known as 14. _____________ Word Bank Actin Endomysium Epimysium Fascia Fascicles Myofibrils Myosin Perimysium Skeletal Muscle Fibers Tendon

Skeletal Muscle Fibers Structure The dark stripes are called ___ bands and the light bands are called ______________. A _______________ is defined as a unit extending from one __________ line to the next (center of the light band.) A I bands Sarcomere Z line

H Zone Z line Z line M line I Band A Band I Band

Sarcomere Anatomy I Band = Light, Thin Actin Filaments only A Band = Dark, Thick Myosin Filaments and Thin Actin Filaments Z line = I band (actin filaments) connect to Z line H Zone = Thick Myosin Filaments only M Line = Thickening in the H zone

Muscle Identification Use the text book to label the muscles in your packet. You will need to begin memorizing these muscles. Page 188 - 199

Daily Warm Up 01/22/2016 – 01/25/2016 Match the connective tissue with the structure that it surrounds. ___Epimysium a. Surrounds fascicles ___Endomysium b. covers entire muscles and bones ___Fascia c. surrounds individual muscle cells/ fibers ___Perimysium d. surrounds muscle tissue D C B A List the structures of a muscle from smallest(1) to largest(5). Myofibril, Muscle, Myosin and Actin Filaments, Muscle Cell/Fiber, Fascicle 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Myosin and Actin Filaments Myofibril Muscle Cell/Fiber Fascicle Muscle

T Tubules Where are they located? Around the myofibrils Are they open or close to the outside? What other tubular structure are they associated with? What ion does this tubular structure contain? Around the myofibrils Open Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Ions (Ca2+)

Skeletal Muscle Cell Parts Sarcolemma: Skeletal muscle cell/fiber cell membrane Transverse (T) Tubules Invaginations of the sarcolemma Used to communicate with sarcoplasmic reticulum Sarcoplasm Skeletal muscle cell/fiber cytoplasm Sarcoplasm Reticulum: Skeletal muscle cell/fiber cell membrane that surrounds each myofibril Terminal Cisternae Enlarged areas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that surround the T Tubules

4. 3. 5. 2. 6. 1. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.