Earthquake Engineering

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SEISMIC HAZARD Presentation is based on: Allen, R., Earthquake hazard mitigation: New direction and opportunities, in "Treatise on Geophysics”, Bilham,

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Presentation transcript:

Earthquake Engineering

“8.9 Quake Strikes Japan—Nation’s worst in 140 years” Airport, Sendai, Japan Fukushima-Daichi nuclear power plant

Earthquakes Past and Present Sendai, Japan (8.9 magnitude) historical Seismicity Map http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/ http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/seismicity_maps/world.pdf

A pan-global issue…. http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-major-earthquake.htm

Some Major Earthquakes, Past and Present Christchurch, NZ 2011 Talca, Chile 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, 2010 Guandong, China, 2008 Fukuoka, Japan, 2005 Izmit, Turkey, 1999 Northridge, CA, 1994 Mexico City, 1985

Why bother?

Sendai Japan Earthquake 2011 Amazing engineering: Buildings Sway Without Collapsing

Nepal 2015

Different Buildings Different model parameters

The Fundamental Questions Can we predict how different buildings will respond to an earthquake? How can we use this information to engineer a safe structure

X/Y f r r

Base Excitation: More Applications

Vibrational Energy Harvesting “Mechanical energy also can be harvested using electromagnetic harvesters that utilize motion through a magnetic field to produce electric energy. To maximize power output, the harvester is mechanically tuned to an optimized resonant frequency present within the application environment…” Image source: http://www.ecnmag.com/articles/2012/03/fundamentals-ambient-energy-transducers-energy-harvesting-systems Image source: http://www.npl.co.uk/science-technology/functional-materials/research/vibrational-energy-harvesting

Harvest Season

Tabas, Iran 1978 Earthquake Acceleration record is messy. No way to integrate Duhamel’s integral. No worries, computers to the rescue! Relative motion of building and ground Impulse Response Function Measured Acceleration/USGS data

z = 0.05 is assumed marks |z|max Ground acceleration (units of g) z = 0.05 is assumed Z(t) meters marks |z|max Z(t) meters If we found |z|max for a continuous range of wo, we’d get the Spectral Displacement (Displacement Spectrum) Z(t) meters