The Divisive Politics of Slavery Section 1

Differences Between North and South Industry and Immigration in the South Industrialization of the North Increase in immigrant population New voters Competition for unskilled jobs Decrease in white workers status

Agriculture and Slavery in the South South produces only about 10% of manufactured goods Slow to improve transportation Few immigrants settle there

Slavery in the Territories The Wilmot Proviso Wilmot Proviso “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist” in any territory the United States might acquire as a result of the war with Mexico Supported by Northerners Southerners opposition Property issues Territories belong to all of the Union Never passed the Senate

Statehood for California Gold rush California applies for statehood Rapid increase of population California applies for statehood Constitution forbids slavery South thought Cali would come in as a slave state Below Missouri Compromise line Pres. Taylor allowed Cali to enter free Not suitable terrain and climate for slavery Slavery should be an issue for the territory South ponders succession

The Senate Debates Clay’s Compromise Compromise of 1850 Cali admitted as free state Utah and New Mexico territories can decide on own Texas get $10 mil for claimed New Mexico territory No slave trading in DC, but residents of DC and Maryland could decide Stricter fugitive slave law With much effort and the support of the new president the compromise is passed

Protest, Resistance, and Violence Section 2

Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad Fugitive slave law no trial by jury Can not testify Fed. Commissioners receive $10 if slave is returned - $5 if set free Anyone convicted of helping fugitives $1000 fine 6 months in prison

Northern attempts resist the Fugitive Slave Act Resisting the Law Northern attempts resist the Fugitive Slave Act Personal liberty laws Forbid the imprisonment of fugitive slaves Guaranteed slave trial by jury Lawyers dragged trail out for years

Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Secret network of escape routes and safe houses helping slaves escape to the free North Harriet Tubman Former slave Made many trips back into the South to help free slaves – helped as many as 300 $40,000 bounty on her head

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 Portrayal of slavery and the tratment of slaves enraged Northerners Southerners claimed book was all lies and was a deliberate attack on the South as a whole

Tension in Kansas and Nebraska The Kansas-Nebraska Act Divided territory west of Iowa and Missouri into two territories Repealed Missouri Compromise Left the future of slavery in those territories up to the residents

Bleeding Kansas A race began by both sides to flood the territory with their supporters - South is able to gain control of Kansas with the help of votes from Missouri residents - Angered Northerners set up a rival government

The Sack of Lawrence Antislavery town Proslavery grand jury condemns settlers as traitors – sheriff sent to arrest them 800 armed men – proslavery Burn down antislavery headquarters Destroy printing presses Loot houses and stores

The Pottawatomie Massacre John Brown and his followers pulled 5 men from their beds and cut their hands off and stabbed them to death Massacre triggers dozens of acts of violence leaving approx. 200 people dead

Violence in the Senate

Slavery and Secession Section 4

Slavery Dominates Politics Dred Scott v. Sanford Slave from Missouri Travels to Illinois and Wisconsin then back to MO Sued in federal court that he should be free Supreme court ruled that Scott could never be a citizen and therefore had no legal standing Ruled Missouri Compromise unconstitutional Interfered with slaveholders' right to own property

Lincoln - Douglas Debates Running for US Senate Douglas – Democratic incumbent Lincoln – Republican challenger Differing positions on slavery YouTube - Lincoln-Douglas Debate: Slavery

The Freeport Doctrine Douglas- “Slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere, unless it is supported by the local police regulations” Was a way around the Dred Scott decision

Passions Erupt Harper’s Ferry 1859 – John Brown led 18 men in an effort to start a slave uprising Wanted to seize federal arsenal Distribute weapons to slaves Troops kill 10 men, Brown is captured and tried for treason Brown is hanged

Lincoln is Elected President The Election of 1860 Lincoln wins Lincoln receives less than half the popular vote Received no electoral votes from the South Did not even appear on some Southern ballots

Southern Secession South Carolina is the first to secede Dec 20, 1860 Followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas

The Shaping of the Confederacy Confederate States of America formed on Feb 4, 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama Wrote new constitution that stressed Slavery in new territories States are sovereign and independent Elect former senator Jefferson Davis as president Lincoln is inaugurated in March, 1861