EROSION CONTROL BY CROP MANAGEMENT

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Presentation transcript:

EROSION CONTROL BY CROP MANAGEMENT

What is soil erosion? Erosion is the process of detachment and transport of soil particles by erosive agents (Ellison, 1944) Erosion is a natural geologic process WATER EROSION WIND EROSION

SOIL EROSION IS GLOBAL PROBLEM 1/3 WORLD’S ARABLE LAND LOST SINCE 1950 MOST IN ASIA, AFRICA, S. AMERICA 13-18 t/a/yr 30% OF ASIA FARMLAND ABANDONED EROSION SALINIZATION WATER-LOGGING 90% OF ASIA CROPLAND LOSING SOIL FASTER THAN IT IS REPLACED

SIGNIFICANT SOIL LOSS IN THE ASIA WATER 3.5 X 109 T/yr WIND 1.5 X 109 T/yr

1- WIND EROSION SALTATION DETACHES PARTICLES SUSPENSION WIND SALTATION CREEP SALTATION DETACHES PARTICLES SMALLER PARTICLES SUSPENDED LARGER PARTICLES CREEP SANDY AND SILTY SOILS MOST SUSCEPTIBLE

WIND EROSION CAN BE SIGNIFICANT

Ruined land Tons of damage was done to every ones land and it costs billions of dollars to repair the damages.

REDUCING WIND EROSION MAINTAIN SURFACE COVER INCREASE STUBBLE HEIGHT Crop residues Cover crops INCREASE STUBBLE HEIGHT INSTALL WINDBREAKS IRRIGATE STRIP CROPS PERPENDICULAR TO PREVAILING WIND

2- WATER EROSION PROCESS BEGINS WITH RAINDROPS STRIKING BARE SOIL DISLODGING PARTICLES INTENSE RAIN SEAL SURFACE WHEN RAINFALL EXCEEDS INFILTRATION WATER IS STORED IN SMALL DEPRESSIONS ONCE DEPRESSIONS ARE FILLED, RUNOFF BEGINS

WATER EROSION PROCESS Initially water flows in a discontinuous sheet Eventually it concentrates into small channels or rills. The runoff now has energy to break off particles and cut deeper The amount of erosion caused by sheet and rill erosion increases with slope and distance Rills may eventually form gullies

THE SOIL WATER EROSION PROCESS

EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY LOSS OF OM, CLAY, AND NUTRIENTS REDUCES PRODUCTIVITY DAMAGE TO PLANTS FORMATION OF RILLS AND GULLIES AFFECTS MANAGEMENT SEDIMENTATION IN WATERWAYS, DIVERSIONS, TERRACES, DITCHES DELIVERY OF NUTRIENTS TO SURFACE WATER

EROSION CONTROL PRACTICES Structures: Diversions, Terraces, eye-brow structure, Waterways Reduce slope length Slow runoff velocity Divert excess water safely Avoid runoff over barnyard, feedlots, etc.

EROSION CONTROL PRACTICES Management practices Crop rotation Cover crops Crop residue management 30% residue reduces erosion 50-60% Contour tillage Contour strip cropping and buffers Alternating sod strip for steep land

Cover crop

Crop residues

Crop rotation

CONTOUR TERRACES

CONTOUR STRIP CROPPING

Terracing & Contour Farming