Nutrition & Metabolism Chapter 14

Nutrient What are the 6 major types of nutrients? Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Minerals Vitamins water Substance in food that is used by the body to promote normal growth, maintenance and repair

Carbohydrates Sugars and starches Role in body: Provide energy for cells How many grams of carbohydrates are you supposed to eat per day? 250 g

Lipids Saturated fats- meat Unsaturated fats- seeds, nuts, vegetable oil Cholesterol- egg yolk, meats, milk Role in body: Make up cell membranes Insulation Energy storage Signaling- hormones

Proteins Eggs, milk, meats Role in body: Enzymes Amino acids broken down and used for tissue maintenance and growth

Vitamins Organic nutrients that the body requires in small amounts Role in body: Function as coenzymes that help enzymes accomplish their jobs in the body What is the only vitamin you can get without eating it? Vitamin D; you can get it from sunlight

Minerals Essential to the body in small amounts 7 major minerals Of these minerals, which is the most abundant in the body? Calcium Essential to the body in small amounts 7 major minerals Chloride Magnesium Calcium Phosphorus Potassium Sulfur Sodium

Metabolism All chemical reactions in the body that are necessary to maintain life Catabolism substances are broken down into simpler substances Energy is released and captured to make ATP Digestion Anabolism larger molecules are made from smaller ones Requires ATP

Cellular Respiration Using carbohydrates (glucose) and oxygen to make most of the energy needed in the body C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 H2O + 6 CO2 Makes 36 ATP