THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION   Stage 1 Preindustrial Stage 2 Transitional Stage 3 Industrial Stage 4 Postindustrial Stage 5 (?) Birth rate  High High Falling Low Very low Death rate Falls quickly Falls slowly Population change  Stable  Very rapid increase  Increase slows down  Slow decrease Reasons for changes in birth rate Children needed for farming, children die at early age (high infant mortality), cultural/social encouragement, no family planning available  Improved medical care and diet, fewer children needed, contraception Family planning available, good health, improved status of women, later marriages Reasons for changes in death rate  Disease, famine, poor medical knowledge, many children die Improved medical care, increased food production, cleaner water supply, better sanitation, fewer children die  Good health care, reliable food supply  Present examples Remote groups, Uganda, Zambia  Kenya, Guatemala, Egypt, Iraq India, Cuba, China USA, Italy, France, Canada  Japan, Germany