Think-Pair-Share Brainstorm: What do you know about the stances of the 1st two political Parties; The Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans? {Round Robin} Who would you vote for? Why? {Pair Share} Class Vote {Whole Class Share}

Democratic-Republicans Election of 1800 Federalists Democratic-Republicans John Adams Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr Charles Pinckney

How does the map of the Election of 1800 support the thesis the ideas of the political parties had a regional basis?

Outcome is a Mistake – Electors voted against the Federalists Burr Jefferson 73 73

HOW DO SOLVE THISPROBLEM? if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by Ballot one of them for President; the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. HOW DO SOLVE THISPROBLEM? House of Rep. was to choose by vote; one vote per state; needed majority of nine - Federalists throw vote to Burr causing deadlock - Hamilton, though against several of Jeff. Beliefs, favored Jefferson stating Jeff. at least had a “pretension of character.” Jefferson elected b/c of Federalist Abstentions on the 36th ballot

“The Revolution of 1800” – Congress and Presidency become Republican Domestic Policy “We are all Federalists, we are all Republicans” Keeps many Federalists in federal offices, appoints New Englanders to Cabinet positions Allows Sedition Act to end w/o renewal Reverses Naturalization Act to 5 years Economics: Cancels Excise Tax – makes western farmers happy Maintains National Bank Cuts spending to decrease debt Cuts military spending down to a “Mosquito Fleet” Increases revenue through western land sales

Napoleon’s Greed is Our Gain Is it Constitutional? Napoleon’s Greed is Our Gain When the United States won its independence from Great Britain in 1783, one of its major concerns was having a European power on its western boundary, and the need for unrestricted access to the Mississippi River. The easiest way to ship produce was to build a flatboat and float down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the port of New Orleans, from which goods could be put on ocean-going vessels. The problem with this route was that the Spanish owned both sides of the Mississippi below Natchez. In 1795 the United States negotiated the Pinckney Treaty with Spain, which provided the right of navigation on the river and the right of deposit of U.S. goods at the port of New Orleans. On October 1, 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of France, concluded the Treaty of San Ildefonso with Spain, which returned Louisiana to French ownership. Napoleon's ambitions in Louisiana involved the creation of a new empire centered on the Caribbean sugar trade. On October 18, 1802, however, a strange thing happened. Juan Ventura Moralis, Acting Intendant of Louisiana, made public the intention of Spain to revoke the right of deposit at New Orleans for all cargo from the United States. The closure of this vital port to the United States caused anger and consternation, and commerce in the west was virtually blockaded. Meanwhile, Napoleon's plans in the Caribbean were being frustrated by Toussaint L'Ouverture, his army of former slaves, and yellow fever. During ten months of fierce fighting on Santo Domingo, France lost over 40,000 soldiers. Without Santo Domingo Napoleon's colonial ambitions for a French empire were foiled in North America. Louisiana would be useless as a granary without sugar islanders to feed. Napoleon also considered the temper of the United States, where sentiment was growing against France and stronger ties with Great Britain were being considered. Spain's refusal to sell Florida was the last straw, and Napoleon turned his attention once more to Europe; the sale of the now-useless Louisiana would supply needed funds to wage war there. Napoleon directed his ministers, Talleyrand and Barbe-Marbois, to offer the entire Louisiana territory to the United States - and quickly. By April 30, they closed a deal for the purchase of the entire 828,000 square mile Louisiana territory for 60 million Francs (approximately $15 million). The Louisiana Territory, purchased for less than 5 cents an acre, was one of Thomas Jefferson's greatest contributions to his country. Louisiana doubled the size of the United States literally overnight.

Louisiana Purchase – Louisiana was a vast uncharted land that contained the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers plus the important port of New Orleans

Napoleon lost interest in American empire: Needed to focus resources in Europe Haitian Revolution served up big loss to France in Santo Domingo 1802 Spain closed the port to Americans Jefferson understood that as long as they didn’t control the Miss. River they would be entangled in European affairs American ministers made purchase of territory for $15 million More than doubled the size of the US; removed foreign presence from borders; guaranteed expansion

Loose v. Strict Interpretation Does the Louisiana Purchase violate the Constitution? Elastic Clause to support Commerce Signed as Treaty and approved by Congress

Lewis & Clark lead expedition with the help of Sacajawea Lewis & Clark sent on an expedition to map and discover the Louisiana Territory. Along the way they utilize the knowledge and guiding of Indian Sacajewea. Lewis & Clark lead expedition with the help of Sacajawea

Lewis & Clark Expedition – 1804 – Set out from St Lewis & Clark Expedition – 1804 – Set out from St. Louis explored over the Rockies to the Oregon coast increased scientific and geographic knowledge strengthened claims to Oregon Territory developed routes for fur traders increased relations with the Native Americans – especially through their interpreter, Sacajewea

Jefferson reelected easily in 1804

Pike’s Explorations - 1805 - Zebulon M Pike’s Explorations - 1805 - Zebulon M. Pike - traveled 4,000 miles up Missouri R. Into Minnesota 1806-07 - expedition up Arkansas R.; discovered snow covered mts. In Colorado, Pike’s Peak - writings excited American interests although he had called the great prairie “The Great American Desert” discouraging settlers

Hamilton’s Death is Burr’s Demise

Aaron Burr – Not nominated by Republican Party in 1804 election conspires to win New York governorship and unite it with New England to secede and form a separate nation Alexander Hamilton leads opposition against Burr and Burr loses Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel during which he killed him Hamilton was the last strong Federalist Trial for Treason – 1806 conspires to take Mexico from Spain and join it with Louisiana under his rule He was arrested and tried, but acquitted (Marshall was foe of Jefferson)

Were Jefferson’s Domestic Policies a Success? Opinion Poll Were Jefferson’s Domestic Policies a Success?