The Thirty Years War Section 5-3
Causes Rising Tension Tension rises between Lutherans and Catholics in central Europe (Protestant Union - 1608/ Catholic League – 1609) Bohemian Protestants Revolt In 1618, Protestants revolt against Catholic Hapsburg rulers over the closing of Protestant churches by Ferdinand II Result is Thirty Years’ War—conflict over religion, land, power between European ruling families
Fighting the War Hapsburg Triumphs From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies have many victories Troops plunder many German villages Hapsburg Defeats In 1630, tide turns in favor of Protestants due to Gustavus Adolphus well disciplined army and support from France’s Cardinals Richelieu (top) and Mazarin (bottom) They feared Hapsburg power despite the fact that they Catholic
The Peace of Westphalia War ruins German economy, greatly decreases population Peace of Westphalia (1648) ends religious wars in Europe Treaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens France Treaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of peace
Beginning of the Modern States Treaty recognizes Europe as group of independent states It ended the idea of a Catholic Empire that would rule most of Europe.