Unit 10 The Spanish Empire

1. Charles I He inherited the Spanish throne in the year 1916 Territories Spanish Empire with Charles V From the Catholic Monarchs: the Crowns of Castile and Aragon, territories in America, Italy, the Mediterranean and Africa. The title of Holy Roman Emperor, his family land in Germany, the Low Countries and France

The Revolt of the Comuneros He brought Flemish noblemen to Spain and gave them the important government posts. He spent Castilian money on becoming Holy Roman Emperor The Revolt of the Comuneros Cities New taxes to pay Nobles Important government positions to foreigns

Last battle: Villalar in 1521 The rebels were successful the first months. However, the king came to an agreement with the nobles, and they fought together the rebels. Last battle: Villalar in 1521

1555  Charles I surrender his power Different territories, with their own laws and institutions The court was itinerant. Each territory had a viceroy and a court. His money went for taxes, but he had to ask for loans. The government Problems in the Empire War with France The threat of the Ottoman Turks The rebellion of the German Protestant princes 1555  Charles I surrender his power

1558

2. Philip II 1556  inherited the throne Low Countries Spain Italy Far East America North Africa

1580 died the king of Portugal leaving no heirs  he became the king THE HISPANIC MONARCHY Portugal Brazil Asia Africa

Policies Preserve his territories Defend Catholicism Supressed religious freedom The Inquisition acted harshly Reasons for many wars

Problems War with France Confrontation with the turks Revolt in the Low Countries Confrontation with England

3. Philip III Succeeded his father in 1598. He left the Duke of Lerma in charge of government. He had a pacifist foreign policy 1607  bankruptcy Domestic policy expelled the Moriscos in 1609 Peace treaty with England in 1604 Twelve Years Truce with the United Provinces in 1609

4. Philip IV He was crowned in 1621. He left his government responsabilites in the hands of the Count-Duke of Olivares

Started the war against the Flemish rebels again. Foreign Policy Started the war against the Flemish rebels again. He was leader of the Catholic Faction in the Thirty Years War, which broke out in the 1618. Religious and political conflict (1618-1648) Bohemian Protestants rebelled against King Ferdinand II.

He asked the king of Spain and the Duke of Bavaria for help. The other Protestan regions supported the rebels, the United Provinces, England, Denmark and Sweden also did it. 1648 Treaty of Westphalia. Independence of the United Provinces. Loss of the Spanish supremacy in Europe. 1635 France allied with Protestants 1634 Battle of Nördlingen, Spanish victories culminated

Revolts of Catalonia and Portugal Domestic Policy Objectives Share military expenses among all the territories of the Hispanic Monarchy Increase the king’s power by reducing the autonomy of the territories Revolts of Catalonia and Portugal Suppressed in 1652 Declared their independence

5. Charles II He died in 1700 end of Habsburg dynasty He inherited the throne in 1665  he was only 4 years old His mother, Mariana of Austria, ruled as regent until 1675. He died in 1700 end of Habsburg dynasty New dynasty, the House of Bourbon

6. Crisis Economic recession Population decline Inactive way of life Agriculture suffered a crisis Craftsmanship declined Trade declined Continuous bankruptcy Population decline Bad harvests and putbreaks of the plague Expulsion of the Moriscos Frequent wars Emigration to America Inactive way of life

EUROPE

1515 Marthin Luther wrote 95 theses 1. The Reformation High ranking churchmen enjoyed a life of luxury Most of the clergy had little education and dud not carry out their pastoral work correctly Many ecclesiastic positions were bought The indulgences: documents issued by de Pope to pardon sins for money Causes of scandal 1515 Marthin Luther wrote 95 theses

His ideas were called Lutheranism, later Protestants  it spread rapidly through Germany Apparition of the Calvinism, founded by John Calvin, his doctrine was based on predistination. In 1534, Henry VIII decided to create his own church, the Anglican Church

2. The Counter- Reformation Reform movement to stop the Protestan movement and iprove conditions in the Church. 1545  Council of Trent - New ways of spreading Catholicism - New religious order - Other orders were reformed

Consecuences of religious change Europe was divided into two religious blocks There were long and violent religious wars Intolerance was widespread Book and any scientific activity was banned Spain: the Inquisition persecuted those who failed to follow the Catholic dogma

3. The situation in Europe French supremacy Louis XIV inherited the throne of France in 1643 After the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648  became the most powerful country Foreign policy Extending its frontiers Creating a colonial empire

England and the United Provinces They controlled the trade, and they formed trading companies to promote trade with Asia and America They were parliamentary states