Plagiarism and Copyrights University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Plagiarism and Copyrights Ferdinand B. Pitagan, PhD Professor of Education

Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to "plagiarize" means to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own to use (another's production) without crediting the source to commit literary theft to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source. Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/

Types of Plagiarism Sources Not Cited "The Ghost Writer" "The Photocopy" "The Potluck Paper" "The Poor Disguise" "The Labor of Laziness" "The Self-Stealer" Sources Cited (But Still Plagiarized) "The Forgotten Footnote" "The Misinformer" "The Too-Perfect Paraphrase" "The Resourceful Citer" "The Perfect Crime" Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/

Plagiarism Burke’s survey with 742 Faculty, USA 86% had suspected plagiarism; 65% had found it in the classroom A UK survey of 943 sophomores Reasons for plagiarism: too much homework, high pressure Some studies (e.g. Hayes & Introna, 2005) Cultural norms play a role; Seriousness in plagiarizing Internet sources

Plagiarism Rinnert and Kobayashi (2005) -- 605 Japanese and 76 American college students --- Japanese college students lack understanding in the need to fully and correctly cite sources compared with their American counterparts --- Do not perceive the borrowing ideas or words without appropriate citations as unethical or reprehensible --- Lack of institutional policies and systematic training for correctly citing sources in academic writing in Japanese colleges Norris (2007) --- Only a small number of Japanese universities have established coherent policies on anti-plagiarism or academic integrity --- Japanese teachers tend to tolerate plagiarism (## all Japanese universities have introduced privacy protection measures since the Personal Information Protection Law was enforced in 2005)

Basic Term of Protection Japan: 50 years Mexico: 100 years Colombia: 80 years Germany, France, Italy, UK, Argentine, Brazil, and USA: 70 years India: 60 years Iran: 30 years Philippines ???

Copyright issues in Education See http://www.cric.or.jp/cric_e/cs_1/case1.html

Copyrights/Ownership Belong to a person who creates a idea (author) To own copyrights of the author - Separate contract needed Copying possible for home use, personal/small scale use Educational institutions – fair use – one time, educational purposes, classroom use, a portion of book or digital materials (only for teachers)

Copyrights/Ownership P2P file sharing (Music file sharing) – illegal YouTube – some contain copyrighted work Freeware / shareware (free of charge or charged) – generally ok, but sometimes involve copyright issues http://www.cric.or.jp/cric_e/

Cases Students’ work – copyrights Pre-existing teaching materials / others – can be used without authorization in school teaching contexts Distributed learning environment (distance education; e-learning), materials can be shared if in non-profit educational contexts Special lectures? – get permission from speaker ## Ideas, copyright protected? No unless expressed http://www.cric.or.jp/cric_e/

Group Activity: Committee on Promoting Academic Integrity The President-elect asks YOUR Committee…. To outline and review existing Philippine Copyright Laws; To make suggestions for revision/elaboration

Plagiarism Prevention Systematic Training Institutional Policies Explain What "Plagiarism" Means; What's Wrong About Plagiarism Make the Consequences Clear Clear Expectations How to cite properly