European Urology Oncology Systematic Review of Factors Associated with the Utilization of Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer  Stephen B. Williams, Hogan K. Hudgins, Mohamed D. Ray-Zack, Karim Chamie, Marc C. Smaldone, Stephen A. Boorjian, Siamak Daneshmand, Peter C. Black, Ashish M. Kamat, Peter J. Goebell, Roland Seiler, Bernd Schmitz-Drager, Roman Nawroth, Jacques Baillargeon, Zachary Klaassen, Girish S. Kulkarni, Simon P. Kim, Eugene K. Lee, Jeffrey M. Holzbeierlein, Brent K. Hollenbeck, John L. Gore  European Urology Oncology  DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2018.07.006 Copyright © 2018 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials diagram showing the selection process for inclusion of studies in the review. European Urology Oncology DOI: (10.1016/j.euo.2018.07.006) Copyright © 2018 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Number of providers, urologists, and urologists performing radical cystectomy in England from 2003 until 2014. In 2002, UK policymakers introduced the “Improving Outcomes Guidance”, in which a key recommendation was centralization of radical cystectomy to high-output centers. Reproduced with permission from Afshar et al. [21]. European Urology Oncology DOI: (10.1016/j.euo.2018.07.006) Copyright © 2018 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions