ATOC 4720 class30 1. Energy balance in the troposphere

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ATOC 4720 class30 1. Energy balance in the troposphere 2. Turbulent heat fluxes at the earth/atmosphere interface

Above 100km:Photodissociation of oxygen: Previous class: Above 90km: photoionization of N2, O2, O gives rise to E- and F-layer): UV & X-ray Above 100km:Photodissociation of oxygen: At 20-60km: (UV) (UV) (NOTE: ONLY account for <2% of solar radiation!)

Upper atmosphere

1. The tropospheric energy balance Radiation: 98% reaches the tropopause Visible window IR

How the balance is achieved

Without Latent and Sensible heat fluxes: the balance at the earth Surface would be:

2. Effects of turbulent heat fluxes

Sensible heat flux: Laten heat flux:

Bulk formulae:

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