Sentence Structure NINTH GRADE ENGLISH

Complete Sentence Contains a subject and a verb Includes a complete thought Has an end mark AKA: independent clause Example: The waves are crashing along the shore.

Prepositions A word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another word

List of Prepositions About Before During Off Toward Above Behind Except On Under Across Below For Onto Underneath After Beneath From Out Until Against Beside In Outside Up Along Between Inside Over Upon Among Beyond Into Since With Around By Like Through Within As Despite Near Throughout Without At Down Of to

Compound Prepositions According to Aside from Because of By means of In addition to In front of In place of In spite of Instead of On account of Out of Prior to

Prepositions Examples: The dog slept near my bed. The dog slept under my bed. The dog slept behind my bed. The dog slept beside my bed. The dog slept on my bed.

Prepositional Phrases The noun or pronoun that a preposition relates another word to is called the object of the preposition. The preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the objects together form a preposition phrase.

Prepositional Phrases Alice went to the store. The group rested under the tree. I live down the street. According to my mom, I should be there at noon.

Verbs Express an action, a condition, or a state of being Three types of verbs Action Linking helping

Action Verbs Express either physical or mental action Something you can actually “do” Examples… The student thought through the question The family travels during the summer.

Linking Verbs Links the subject to another part of the sentence that renames the subject or describes the subject Two types of linking verbs

Linking Verbs—To Be Verbs Am Was Be Is Were Being Are been

Linking Verbs— Express Condition Look Smell Feel Sound Taste Grow Appear Become Seem remain

Linking Verbs… Some of the verbs that can express conditions can also be action verbs Example: The popcorn tasted good. Example: I tasted the sauce. Substitute the verb for IS, ARE, WAS, or WERE.

Helping Verbs Helps a main verb to express an action or a state of being Combine with other verbs to form verb phrases VERB PHRASES—consist of at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs

Helping Verbs Have Does should Must Has Did Would Can Had Shall May could do Will Might

Subjects The main word or group of words that tells who or what the sentence is about HERE and THERE are NEVER subjects! Understood YOU can be a subject! The subject is NEVER in a prepositional phrase!

Run-on Sentences Two or more sentences written as though they are one sentence Example: The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them.

Sentence Fragment Part of a sentence that’s punctuated as if it were a complete sentence Lacks either a subject, verb, or a complete thought Example: The waves along the shore.

Correcting Run-on Sentences Four ways to correct a run-on sentence Example… The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them.

Correcting Run-On Sentences Rule #1 The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them. Make two sentences. The waves are crashing along the shore. The children are playing in them.

Correcting Run-on Sentences Rule #2 The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them. Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction. The waves are crashing along the shore, and the children are playing in them. And But For Yet Or So Nor

Correcting Run-on Sentences Rule #3 The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them. Use a semicolon. The waves are crashing along the shore; the children are playing in them.

Correcting Run-on Sentences Rule #4 The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them. Use a semicolon, conjunctive adverb or transitional expression, and a comma

Correcting Run-on Sentences Rule #4 Conjunctive Adverbs Accordingly Meanwhile Also Moreover Besides Nevertheless Consequently Next Furthermore Otherwise However Still Indeed Then Instead Therefore Transitional Expressions As a result For example For instance In addition In fact That is On the other hand In other words

Correcting Run-on Sentences Rule #4 The waves are crashing along the shore the children are playing in them. The waves are crashing along the shore; indeed, the children are playing in them.