Introduction to Algorithm Design CSCI 273.002 Processing CSCI 201.003 Introduction to Algorithm Design An Introduction

Programming Languages An abstract "human understandable" language for telling the computer what to do The abstract language must be translated into the low level language understood by the machine

Programming Languages How does a computer work? The translation from a text source to machine code is accomplished by an interpreter or compiler How does a compiler work? How does an interpreter work? Instruction 1 0001 0000 0011 0001 (moving the number from memory location "3" to Register # 1) Instruction 2 0001 0000 0100 0010 (moving the number from memory location "4" to Register # 2) Instruction 3 0011 0001 0010 0011 (Adding Register #1 and Register # 2, and putting the result in Register # 3) Instruction 4 0010 0011 0000 0100 (Moving the contents of Register # 3 in Memory location "4") A compiler is a program that processes statements written in a programming language and converts them into machine language, binary code, that a computer processor uses. E.g. Java, C, C++ An interpreter translates code one line at time, executing each line as it is translated. Generates binary code that is never compiled into one program entity, but interpreted every time the program executes. E.g. BASIC, JavaScript, Perl (can also be compiled)

A Simple Java Program Human Readable?? /* this is a simple Java program */ class Example { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println("this is a simple Java program"); } Human Readable??

Java VM assembly code (bytecode) Bytecode is interpreted by machine-specific Java Virtual Machines (JVMs). Bytecode consists of simple, step-by-step instructions for the JVM. public static void main(java.lang.String[]); Code: 0: iconst_0 1: istore_1 2: goto 30 5: getstatic 8: new 11: dup 12: ldc 14: invokespecial #23 17: iload_1 18: invokevirtual #27 21: invokevirtual #31 …

How Java Works Source code is first written in plain text files ending with the .java extension. Those source files are then compiled into .class files by the javac compiler. A .class file does not contain code that is native to your processor; it instead contains bytecode — the machine language of the Java Virtual Machine (Java VM). The java launcher tool then runs your application with an instance of the Java Virtual Machine.

Java Virtual Machine Java VM is available on many different operating systems. The same .class files are capable of running on Microsoft Windows, the Solaris TM Operating System (Solaris OS), Linux, or Mac OS. The JVM may use JIT (Just-In-Time) compilation to translate bytecode to machine language

But we’re using Processing Processing is built on top of Java Supports script-like coding Easy to get simple programs up fast But allows transition to full Java programming Has built-in methods and classes to make drawing easy Easy to export program to applet

Processing Environment Menu Toolbar (run, stop, new, open, save, export) Tabs Text editor (this is where you type code) Message area (feedback, errors) Text output (print commands)

Drawing in Processing Automatic creation of display window Window has a coordinate system for drawing

Let's draw a point: point() point(x,y) – draws a point at the location x, y Try it in Processing: point(50, 50) Unexpected token: null – what the #@#$ !?! Compiler errors appear in the bottom pane All lines must be terminated with a semicolon ; Try drawing several points

Important for being able to look back at your code and understand it Comments Comments are non-program text you put in the file to describe to others (and yourself) what you’re doing Important for being able to look back at your code and understand it Single-line comments begin with // Multi-line comments begin with /* and end with */ Commenting and un-commenting lines useful for figuring out code

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Lab 1 Lab 1: Draw a 200 x 300 white canvas. Add 5 points and 5 lines. Revise the 5 points and 5 lines into a composition.

Homework 1 Read pages 1-10 for our next class. If you have a home computer, download and install Processing from processing.org

Why three Java courses? “Traditional” CS1 (201.001 & 201.002) Starts with Python Uses drjava as IDE and interactive Java evaluator Uses “media computation” package Mathematical CS1 (273.001) How to compute it Use NetBeans as IDE Closest to the traditional CS1` Processing CS1 (201.003 & 273.002) Uses Processing as IDE Uses Processing for multimedia packages Ends with Arduino