Community Ecology Chapter 56

Competive Exclusion

Even plants have adaptations… Chemical defenses Thorns, spines, prickles

Symbiosis What it means: Two organisms that live together Temporarily or for a longer time At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

What are the different kinds of symbiosis? Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism both organisms benefit one organism benefits one organism benefits one organism is unaffected one organism is harmed

Organism One Organism Two Mutualism Organism One Organism Two

Organism One Organism Two Commensalism Organism One Organism Two

Organism One Organism Two Parasitism Organism One Organism Two

What symbiotic relationship is this? Acacia Plant & Ants The ants lay eggs on acacia tree so they get a nice safe place for their eggs. The acacia covers the infected area with brown flesh (called a gall.) The plant has to use valuable resources to create the gall. parasitism What symbiotic relationship is this?

What symbiotic relationship is this? Anemone & Anemone Fish This fish lives its entire adult life among the tentacles of a bulb- tentacle sea anemone. Anemone fish do not get stung by the anemone as would most other fish so they get protection from predators. The fish often drop food scraps which the anemones can eat. mutualism What symbiotic relationship is this?

What symbiotic relationship is this? Shark & Remora The remora attaches itself to the shark and saves energy since it doesn’t have to swim, and it gets to snack on the sharks kills. The shark doesn’t get anything. commensalism What symbiotic relationship is this?

Keystone Species Species that maintains a more diverse community by reducing competition between species or altering the environment to create new habitats. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRGg5it5FMI